Term
| Name 2 types of behavioral disorders |
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Definition
1. ADD/ADHD (Attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactive disorder)
2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
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Term
| The most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. 3-5% of school aged children. Boys more commonly than girls. |
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Definition
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Term
-Behaviors rather than specific chemical or genetic abnormalities
-Long-term chronic condition
-Often genetic
-Difference in neurotransmitter
-Typically occurs in addition to another behavioral/developmental disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| List the criteria for being diagnosed with ADD/ADHD |
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Definition
-At least 6 attention symptoms or 6 activity and impulsivity symptoms
-Must be present for at least 6 months
-Observable in 2 or more settings
-Not caused by another problem
-Severe enough to cause significant difficulties
-Some must be present before age 7
-Learning issues/not following commands/rules |
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Term
| Name the 4 main symptoms of ADHD |
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Definition
Inattentive
Hyperactive
Impulsivity
Combination |
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Term
-Poor attention to details
-Doesn't listen to directions
-Difficulty organizing tasks
-Easily distracted
-Loses things easily
-Forgetful
-Daydreaming |
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Definition
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Term
-Fidgets
-Difficulty playing quietly
-Always "on the go"
-Runs/climbs in inappropriate times
-Unable to sit still
-Vocal |
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Definition
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Term
-Blurts out answers before question is finished
-Difficulty waiting their turn
-Interrupts or intrudes others |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 mains things to do during treatment when working with a child who has ADHD |
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Definition
-Limit distractions
-One-on-one instructions
-Adequate sleep
-Healthy, varied diet
-Direct energy to constructive and educational tasks |
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Term
-Peristent pattern of tantrums, arguing, and angry or disruptive behaviors toward authority figures.
-Occurs with other behavioral problems ushc as ADHD |
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Definition
| ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) |
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Term
| -Range between the normal independence-seeking behavior of childrena nd oppositional defiant disorder, but look for the following: (3) |
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Definition
1. Persistent
2. Lasted at least 6 months
3. Disruptive to the family in home or school environment |
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Term
| Is there a clear cause of ODD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 possible contributing causes to ODD. |
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Definition
1. The child's inherent temperament
2. The family's response to the child's style |
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Term
| Name some associated behaviors or symptoms that go along with ODD |
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Definition
-Negative attitude
-Defiance/Disobedience
-Hostility toward authority figures
-Recurrent temper tantrums
-Argumentative
-Refusal to comply with adult requests or rules
-Vindictive behavior
-Deliberately annoying to others
-Blaming others for misbehavior
-Easily irritated
-Anger and resentment
-Aggressive to others; esp peers
-Difficulty making/keeping friends
-Diminishing academic success |
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Term
| If you are working with a pt who has ODD, what should you do during the treatment session? |
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Definition
-Model the behavior and STAY CALM
-Set limits and enforce consequences
-Avoid power struggles
-Keep a routine
-Give choices
-Assign some goals outside of therapy
-Recognize and praise improvements
-Be accepting
-TEAM (everyone should enforce behavior management) |
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Term
| Name 2 types of anxiety disorders |
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Definition
1. Generalized anxiety disorder
2. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
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Term
-Constantly worrying
-Can lead to a panic attack
-Feel anxious all the time for no reason
-Often begins at early age
-S&S develop more slowly
-Likely due to a complex set of causes that may include the body's biological processes, genetics, environment, and life situation |
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Definition
| GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) |
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Term
| Name some physical symptoms of GAD |
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Definition
Increased HR
Butterflies
Sweating
Headache
Fatigue
SOB
Tremors
Twitches |
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Term
| Name some emotional symptoms of GAD |
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Definition
Apprehension
Tense and jumpy
Restlessness
Concentration
Anticipate the worse |
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Term
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Definition
-Worry doesn't get in the way of your daily activities and responsibilites
-Able to control worrying
-Your worries, while unpleasant, don't cause significant distress
-Your worries are limited to a specific, small number of realistic concerns
-Your bouts of worrying last for only a short period of time |
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Term
| Describe worrying for someone with GAD |
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Definition
-Your worrying significantly disrupts your job, activities, and social life
-Your worrying is uncontrollable
-Your worries are extremely upsetting and stressful
-You worry about all sorts of things and tend to expect the worst
-You've been worrying almost every day for at least 6 months |
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Term
| If you have a pt with GAD, what should the treatment session be like? |
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Definition
-Take care of body and stay healthy
-Don't overload with lots of tasks
-Allow them to ask Q's frequently
-Provide a relaxing environment
-Be accepting and compassionate
-Listen to the patient
-Try to determine what is causing the anxiety
-Try to socialize with the patient
-Take breaks as needed
-Try to keep sessions consistent |
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Term
| Involuntary and intrusive thoughts; 4th most common disorder; 1 in 50 adults have this; begins as early as age 2 (most commonly late teens for males and early twenties for females) |
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Definition
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Term
| To be diagnosed with OCD, a person must have obsessions and/or compulsions, according to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria: |
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Definition
Obsessions:
- Recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and that cause marked anxiety or distress
- The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worrie about real-life problems
- The person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action
- The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind, and are not based in reality
Compulsions:
-Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels drivent o perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.
-The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not actually connected to the issue, or they are excessive |
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Term
| Fear of germs, causing harm, excessive religious views, order and symmetry |
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Definition
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Term
| Double checking, counting, tapping, ordering, arranging, increased praying |
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Definition
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Term
| What should occur during treatment with a pt who has OCD? |
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Definition
-View pt's behaviors as symptoms, not character flaws
-Do not allow OCD to take over tx time
-Do not participate in rituals
-Communicate positively, directly and clearly
-Mix humor with caring
-Avoid negative comments
-Do not try and force them to stop
-Be patient!! |
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Term
| Name 4 dissociative disorders |
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Definition
Schizophrenia
Paranoia
Conversion
Dissociative Identity |
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Term
| A brain disorder that distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others. Problems functioning in society, at work, schook, and in relationships |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
-Psychotic episode
-Delusions
-Hallucinations
-Lack of motivation
-Difficulty with ADLs
-Poor communication skills (personal, social, and work-related) |
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Term
| A sudden change in personality or behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-realistic beliefs/expectations |
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Definition
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Term
| Perceiving sensations that are not real |
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Definition
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Term
| This person is more likely to have diabetes, gain weight, decrease activity, increase chance of CVD, increase morbidity rate, decrease lifespan by 13 to 30 years |
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Definition
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Term
| What to do during treatment with a pt who has schizoprenia |
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Definition
-Issues related to hospitalization
-ADL training
-Job and vocational counseling
-Community re-entry
-OT involved also and psychologist |
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Term
| A chronic, life-long condition where the person feels as if the world is out to get him/her. Feels constantly threatened. Intense feeling of distrust that are not in response to anything or anyone. Leads to overt and covert hostility. 0.25% of people are diagnosed with this. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 symptoms of paranoia |
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Definition
Self-referential thinking
Thought broadcasting
Magical thinking
Thought withdrawal
Thought insertion
Ideas of reference |
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Term
| What should a treatment session look like with a pt who has paranoia? |
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Definition
-Gain trust and hide as little as possible from the pt
-Avoid humor that can be interpreted as ridcule
-Avoid talking about pt's past
-Don't overly challenge paranoid thoughts
-Be honest and patient
-More time must be spent establishing a rapport with pt to establish trust which may slow down a tx session
-Fully explain treatment process and allow the pt to ask Q's
-Give the pt choices in treatment to allow a sense of control and involvement |
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Term
| Is conversion disorder the same as a malingerer? |
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Definition
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Term
| A condition in which you show psycholigical stress in physical ways. No underlying physical cause. Affect your movement or your senses, such as the ability to walk, swallow, see, or hear. Usually better ina few weeks. The pt does not mean to lie, they truly believe their ailment |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 symptoms of conversion disorder |
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Definition
-Poor coordination and balance
-Loss of sensation, limb paralysis
-Inability to speak
-Impaired vision, including double vision and blindness
-Deafness
-Seizures, convulsions, hallucinations |
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Term
| What should occur during treatment wiht a patient who has conversion disorder? |
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Definition
-Focus on loss of function
-Prevent secondary complications
-Involve relaxation techniques
-Do not challenge pt! |
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Term
| This was previously known as multiple personality disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Triggered by severe trauma during early childhood (usually abuse). Lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. Dissociates to avoid conscoiusly dealing with stressful situations |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 symptoms of dissociative disorder |
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Definition
1. Presence of 2 or more distinct or split identities; one being the host
2. Inability to recall key personal information
3. Highly distince memory variations
4. Amnesia
5. Secondary Symptoms |
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Term
| What to do during treatment with a pt who has dissociative disorder |
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Definition
-Treat each dissociative identity as a distinct person
-Do things that will please other personalities periodically
-Be watchful for stressful situations that may trigger switching
-Involve relaxation techniques into tx
-Practice empathy towards all personalities
-Keep a calm atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulemia Nervosa
Binge Eating |
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Term
| Characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight-loss |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by recurrent binge eating without compensatory behaviors |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some warning signs that pt may have an eating disorder |
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Definition
-Preoccupation wiht body or weight
-Obsession with calories, food, or nutrition
-Constant dieting, even when thin
-Rapid, unexplained weight loss or gain
-Taking laxatives or diet pills
-Compulsive exercising
-Making excuses to get out of eating
-Avoiding social situations that involve food
-Going to bathroom right after meal
-Eating along, at night, or in secret
-Hoarding high-calorie food |
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Term
| What to do during treatment with a pt who has an eating disorder |
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Definition
-Communicate your concerns in a non-confrontrational way
-Talk to pt in private
-Explain why you are concerned
-Avoid critical or accusatory statements
-Encourage pt to seek treatement |
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Term
| What are exected outcomes for pts with eating disorders? |
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Definition
-Pt may be weak and lack energy to continue therapy and fail to reach goals
-Pt may have signs of dizziness, fainting, and headaches that interfere with therapy sessions
-Binge eating may cause health conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, high BP, heart dz, and joint and ms pain that can interfere with physcial therapy treatment and outcomes |
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