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(1810-1900)
Emotion and instinct now were seen as sources of truth.
Objectivity, equilibrium and restraint of the Classical period gradually yielded to explosive philosophies and emotions.
General characteristics " personalization, impulsive emotional display, baring the soul, attraction for the exotic, mysterious, enchanting, fantastic and the natural. Composed works were larger-scale in forms, ensembles and durations.
Music now allowed lavish, unrestrained harmonic and instrumental color, hot emotions and intense poetic tenderness.
This period also bred interesting performers and personalities, perhaps like today's rock stars.
Franz Liszt, pianist and composer whose technical prowess and dynamic stage presence are legendary - it was said women swooned and even picked up his cigar butts and put them in their bosoms!
Nicolai Paganini " violinist who strode onstage in a black cloak and played with such wizardry that it was said he was in league with the devil and that he played the violin with strings from the intestines of his late wife!
Noted composers: Brahms, Schumann, Schubert, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Tschaikowsky, Grieg, Wagner, Rachmaninoff |
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(1750-1825)
First 25 years of the classical era (1750-1775) called the Rococo. This was a period of "cooling off" from the heated complexity of the Baroque period.
music of considerable elegance, restraint, poise, and gentility. Gradually, the surface charm yielded to the greater power and vision of classical composers.
Vienna, Austria became the center of the mature classical style
As court life diminished, music was heard in a variety of new settings, in public concerts and in social and political events.
Classical characteristics - clearer, simpler forms, thinner texture, more use of a single melody supported by accompaniment (called homophonic) rather than numerous, independent parts or voices (called polyphonic) as in the Baroque period.
Noted composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Josef Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven. They expanded the repertoire of chamber music, string quartets and symphonies. |
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Outgrowth of Renaissance musical style (depersonalization, control and serenity)
(1600-1750)
The Baroque, by contrast, loved colossal artistic statements
Music - exuberance, passion, sudden dynamic contrasts and harmonic and instrumental color. Music has complex, dense textures, constant rhythmic propulsion, changes of pace and more chromaticism (using notes outside the key of the piece)
Noted composers: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Purcell and Gabrielli |
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| a term used to reference a specific period of about 60 years. Also used to refer to whole body of Western art music, regardless of when written. |
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IMPRESSIONISM (1890-1925)
Out of the excesses of the previous period came the cool, refreshing alternative of impressionism. Inspiration came from without, not from within oneself.
Music - intended to create atmosphere and project a beautiful moment or sensory effect. New and exotic sounds employed, more flexible rhythms, melodies more serene, less goal-oriented, and harmonies were used to create sonority rather than ground us in a particular key. Often gives feeling of drifting.
Noted composers: Debussy, Ravel, Resphigi, Griffes |
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Most fragmented of all the periods. Complicated, turbulent and exhilarating
One side - music offered highly controlled statements
Other side - music was totally free in expression
Experimentation in rhythm, form, melody, tuning of instruments
Traditional instruments were used but sometimes played with completely new techniques (e.g. "prepared piano"
where nails, paper clips, metal, bolts, plastic and paper were placed inside the piano on the strings to create different effects)
Electronic and computer-generated music came into prominence
Noted composers: Bartok, Barber, Bernstein, Copland, Crumb, Gershwin, Ives, Prokofieff, Schoenberg, Stravinsky |
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| smallest and most elite of all bands, symphonic concert |
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non verbal communication conductors used to be composers; would either conduct in front of group or play the piano, would play louder when ensemble was was off |
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| Morin Khuur small and large instruments (string numbers) |
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staple instrument of Mongolian 1,000 years old small-120 strings large- 160 strings used to be made out of horse hair |
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| story of weeping camel-song meaning |
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| Mongolian style of music. |
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| not metered and has no pulse |
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made batons famous more precise because of tiny point |
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| first violinist of an orchestra and concert master |
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shake hands or acknowledge each other sign of respect and leadership |
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| oldest form of Indian classical music |
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| public school band program began |
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| oldest form of Indian music |
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La Finta Giardineralo
"The Fake Gardener" |
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WA Mozart 1174--year it was written at age 19 1775--premiered in Munich |
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| instrument Uday Bahawakar uses to sing with-4strings |
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| funny opera with serious moments |
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| major of town, one of main characters |
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| a "work," comes from Italy |
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Recitative Secco Accompagnato Aria Libretto |
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dialogue dry, without the orchestra accompanied by orchestra air song--solo who wrote the words of an opera song |
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| slightly richer sound than soprano |
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| fake gardener names girls stage name, real name = violante |
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