Term
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Definition
-Electromagnetic radiation
-A form of energy
-acts like a wave AND a particle
-higher energy
-shorter wavelength
-bluer energy
-particles are called photons
-photon energy depends on wavelength |
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Term
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Definition
Bluer----->Redder
-blue is shorter wavelengths
-red is longer wavelengths |
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Term
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Definition
-distance light travels in 1 year
-when we see an object, we see it as it was when light left it |
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Term
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Definition
-Gravity vs. Radiation
-90% H gas |
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Term
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Definition
-Gravity vs. Radiation
-90% H gas |
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Term
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Definition
4 H nuclei fuse into 1 He nucleus
Core: t~10^7
-Need High pressure and Temp |
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Term
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Definition
T=5800 K
Radius= 7 X 10^8
Mass= 2 X 10^30
Luminosity= 3.8 X 10^26
-G Star |
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Term
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Definition
-burn hot, blue
-burn bright
-burn fast |
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Term
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Definition
-burn cool, red
-burn faint
-burn slow |
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Term
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Definition
| photon with Electrons greater than threshold ionize |
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Term
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Definition
-recombines to excited states
-spontaneously de-excite
-produce photons only at transition electrons: Emission Line |
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Term
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Definition
-Different Elements show unique patterns of emission lines
-transparent gas
-if the telescope was focused on the "cloud"
-E=hc/wavelength |
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Term
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Definition
-if the telescope was pointed at star "THROUGH CLOUD"
-opaque gas |
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Term
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Definition
O.B.A.F.G.K.M LT
(oh be a fine girl kiss me.....later though)
-classifies surface temperature
-Absorption line spectra
-ionization:energy==temperature |
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Term
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Definition
-ionize and excite
-depends on gas temp |
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Term
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Definition
-0-6 naked eye
-bigger number is fainter
M=absolute brightness
m=apparent brightness |
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Term
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Definition
Cephei variables >300 L
RR Lyrae variables 100 L
Scuti variables 30-70L |
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Term
| period-luminosity relation |
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Definition
| -the longer the period the higher the luminosity |
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Term
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Definition
-light collecting area: the larger the more light
-angular resolution: larger telescopes show finer detail |
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Term
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Definition
-pre-16th century: Basic Star charts vs. Illustrations
-16th Centruy: Accuracy + Artistry!!!!
Renaissance:
printing press
technology
exploration |
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Term
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Definition
| face same star in 24 sidereal hours |
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Term
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Definition
| -greater than 8 solar masses |
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Term
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Definition
-black hole surface= event horizon
-NOTHING escapes event horizon
-thus no contact with anything inside
- gravity different only near Event Horizon |
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Term
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Definition
-lethal forces near 3 solar masses in event horizon
-stretch and squeezed |
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Term
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Definition
-strong gravity but tiny sink hole
-friction heats piled up infalling matter
-opaque and dense: hot thermal spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
| -Stars have H-HE fusion IN CORE |
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Term
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Definition
H shell burning faster
-star swells
-he core grows, heats
Start Core He burning
-Star Hotter
-Burns Fainter
-Star Shrinks
Start He shell Burning
-Star Swell
-C core grows |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
500,000 stars
diameter 180 Ly
Age 13 BY
distance 38,000 LY |
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Term
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Definition
100,000 stars
diameter 50LY
age 13BY
Distance 60,000 LY |
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Term
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Definition
-5 sisters
-Nearest star cluster
*distance 150 LY
-age 65 million
Open Cluster
-300 smaller stars
-diameter 18 LY |
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Term
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Definition
M45, The seven sisters
-distance 430 LY
-Age 100 million yr
-open cluster
*1000+ smaller stars |
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Term
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Definition
Open
-less than 10^4 stars
-age less than 8 BY
-disperse rapidly
Globular
-10^5 stars
-age 10-13BY
MW halo
-disperse slowly |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
19th c:Technical vs. Popular
20th c:Figures de-emphasized
21st c:Digitized catalogs, software |
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Term
| Synchrotron Continuous spectrum |
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Definition
Emitted at all wavelengths
-often seen in radio, x-ray, where stars are faint
-Emitted by electrons moving near speed of light around strong magnetic fields
-indicate extreme, relativistic conds |
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Term
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Definition
H fusion ignites: star forms
H fusion fails: brown dwarf |
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Term
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Definition
-Visual
-Astronmetric
-Eclipsing
-Composite Spectrum
-Spectroscopic |
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Term
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Definition
| An eclipsing binary star is a binary star in which the orbit plane of the two stars lies so nearly in the line of sight of the observer that the components undergo mutual eclipses. |
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Term
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Definition
| are relatively nearby stars which can be seen to wobble around a point in space, with no visible companion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Roche Lobes: surfaces of equal gravity force |
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Term
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Definition
-doppler effect
*red shift
*blue shift |
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