Term
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Definition
Coenzyme in energy metabolism
Muscle nerve action |
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Term
| Thiamine (B1) - Deficiency |
|
Definition
BERBERI
ataxia, disorientation, tachycardia
Wet = edema
Dry = nervous system
WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF SYNDROME
caused by alcoholism |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Thiamine (B1) - Main Food Source |
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Definition
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Term
| Riboflavin (B2) - Function |
|
Definition
| Coenzyme in energy metabolism |
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|
Term
| Riboflavin (B2) - Deficiency |
|
Definition
| Ariboflavinosis, chelosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| Riboflavin (B2) - Toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Riboflavin (B2) - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Cofactor to enzymes involved in energy metabolism
glycolysis & TCA cycle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| vasodilation, liver damage, gout, arthritic reactions |
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|
Term
| Niacin (B3) - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Pyridoxine (B6) - Function |
|
Definition
Forms coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) for energy metabolism
CNS
hemoglobin synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Pyridoxine (B6) - Deficiency |
|
Definition
| dermatitis, altered nerve function, weakness, anemia |
|
|
Term
| Pyridoxine (B6) - Toxicity |
|
Definition
| ataxia, sensory neuropathy |
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|
Term
| Pyridoxine (B6) - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coenzyme in metabolism (synthesis of amino acid, heme, DNA, RNA)
Fetal neural tube formation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| megadoses can mask pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| Folate - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cobalamin (B12) - Function |
|
Definition
Transport/storage of folate
metabolism of fatty acids/amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Cobalamin (B12) - Deficiency |
|
Definition
pernicious anemia
CNS damage |
|
|
Term
| Cobalamin (B12) - Toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cobalamin (B12) - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by avidin and long-term antibiotics |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Biotin - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
| liver, kidney, peanut butter, egg yolks, intestinal synthesis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Antioxidant
coenzyme
collagen formation
wound healing
iron absorption
hormone synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cramps, nausea, kidney stone formation, gout, rebound scurvy |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maintain skin and mucous membranes
important for vision, bone growth, immune function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary - caused by lack of dietary intake
Secondary - result of chronic fat malabsorption
xerophthalmia, night blindness, keratomalacia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypervitaminosis A because of acute or chronic intake of supplements |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin A - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
percursor = carotenoids (plant foods)
active = retinoids (animal foods) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus depends on vitamin D |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypercalcemia
hypercalciuria |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D - Main Food Sources |
|
Definition
fat of animal-related foods of butterrer, egg yolks, fatty fish and liver
MILK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antioxidant that protects polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A in cell membranes from oxidative damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary is rare
secondary occurs in premature infants (cystic fibrosis, biliary atresia) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin E - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cofactor in synthesis of blood clotting factors
protein formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blook coagulation inhibited
hemorrhagic disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| therapeutic vitamin K (menadione form) reactions in neonates, causing hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia |
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|
Term
| Vitamin K - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone/tooth formation
blood clotting
muscle contraction/relaxation
CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduced bone density - osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constipation, urinary stone formation, reduced absorption of iron and zinc (only occurs with oversupplementation) |
|
|
Term
| Calcium - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes oxygen throughout our bodies (hemoglobin and myoglobin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hemosiderosis
hemochromatosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heme sources = meat, fish, poultry
nonheme sources = vegetables |
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|
Term
|
Definition
cofactor for more than 200 enzymes
carbohydrate metabolism |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| decreases wound healing, taste, smell |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Fluoride - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
| fluoridated water, tea, seafood, seaweed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| major extracellular electrolyte for fluid regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FVD with headache, muscle cramps, weakness, decreased concentration |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| sodium sensitive hypertension |
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|
Term
| Sodium - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased thyroxine causing sluggishness, weight gain, goiter |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Iodine - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major intracellular electrolyte for fluid regulartion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle weakness, confusion, decreased appetite, cardiac dysrhythmias |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| from diet or supplements if renal disease present |
|
|
Term
| Potassium - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acid-base balance
gastric hydrochloric acid for digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FVD caused by vomiting/diarrhea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by dehydration resulting in an imbalance in electrolytes |
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|
Term
| Chloride - Main Food Source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water with high amounts of minerals like calcium and magnesium (hot faucet water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains sodium (cold faucet water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| within cells (high concentration of potassium and phosphates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between cells (has sodium and chloride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all fluids outside the cell including intersitial, plasma, and watery components of body organs |
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