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Concepts Chapter 4
Muscular Strength and Endurance
20
Fitness
Undergraduate 1
12/02/2011

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Term
Muscle Fiber
Definition
a single muscle cell; usually classified according to strength, speed of contraction, and energy source.
Term
Myofibril
Definition
small protein structures that make up muscle fibers
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
an increase in the size of muscle fibers usually stimulated by muscular overload
Term
Atrophy
Definition
a decrease in the size of muscle fibers caused by inactivity
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
an increase in the number of muscle fibers
Term
Slow-Twitch Fibers
Definition
red muscle fibers that are fatigue resistant but have a slow contraction speed and a lower capacity for tension; usually used for endurance activities
Term
Fast-Twitch Fibers
Definition
white muscle fibers that contract rapidly and forcefully but fatigue quickly; usually used for actions requiring strength and power
Term
Power
Definition
the ability to exert force rapidly
Term
Motor Unit
Definition
a motor nerve (that initiates movement) connected to one or more muscle fibers
Term
Muscle Learning
Definition
the improvement in the body’s ability to recruit motor units, brought about through strength training.
Term
Tendon
Definition
a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects a muscle to a bone or other body part and transmits the force exerted by that muscle
Term
Ligament
Definition
a tough band of tissue that connects the ends of bones to other bones in a joint
Term
Cartilage
Definition
tough, resilient tissue that acts as a cushion between the bones in a joint
Term
Testosterone
Definition
the principal male hormone, responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics and important in increasing muscle size
Term
Repetition Maximum
Definition
The maximum amount of resistance that can be moved a specific number of times
Term
Repetition
Definition
The number of times an exercise can be performed during one set
Term
Static (Isometric) Exercise
Definition
Exercise involving a muscle contraction without a change in the muscle’s length
Term
Dynamic (Isotonic) Exercise
Definition
Exercise involving a muscle contraction with a change in the muscle’s length
Term
Concentric Muscle Contraction
Definition
A dynamic contraction in which the muscle gets shorter as it contracts
Term
Eccentric Muscle Contraction
Definition
A dynamic contraction in which the muscle lengthens as it contracts; also called a plyometric contraction
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