• Embargo Act of 1807
• Congress made in response to Jefferson
• Dec 1807
• Jefferson resolved to use public indignation
• Stopped all experts of American goods and prohibit American ships to leave foreign ports.
• Neither France nor Great Britain was significant

• La purchase
• 1800's
• Louisiana
• Jefferson, Napoleon
• Because of preesre from the west and national secruity threats, Jefferson offered to but New Orleans from France
• brought La cheaply
• Jefferson's great accomplishment
• Double the size of the U.s

• Tecumseh
• Shawness Warrior
• 1809
• Shawnee Territory
• His people raided General William yet the Shawnees lost Battle of Tippacanoe and Tecumseh dreams of tudiah confederacy lost
• Tecumseh's great attempts to unite Indian tribes in defense of their land against whites led to his downfall

Jay's Treaty

• Jay's Treaty
• 1794
• Legalized American commerce with British west indies
• John Jay
• Allowed us to negotiate separate treaties with Indian tribes
• Brits made  neutrality tough, maintained posts on U.S. soil and sold fire arms to the Native Americans

Whiskey Rebellion

• Whiskey Rebellion
• 1791
• Western Pa
• Frontier farmers mostly of Scottish/Irish descent
• Because of Alexander Hamilton's excise tax
• demostrated to the people that the new constitution was powerful enough to put down domestic rebellion "mobocracy"
• Showed power of the National Govt

• Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion
• 1800
• Va
• Prosser and other black trying to take on the city
• against the white neighbors
• put down before anything happened
• made way for future rebellions

• Annapolis convention
• 1786
• Annapolis
• Commission from colonies
• to discuss refrom of interstate commerce
• design currency and find a way to repay government debts to war veterans
• little was accomplished
• That delegates would meet later in Philidelphia

• Hartford Convention
• Early 1800's
• Hartford, Ct
• N.E/ Federalists
• Feds met to discuss their grievances and find solutions to their problems
• Sought financial assistance from Washington since their trade was at a standstill because Brits placed a blockade around the Atlantic coastline of U.s
• N/a

• Democrats-Republicans
• Feds(Demo) wantrs a strong central gov't vice versa for the Repub
• To pick who would be president
• Show public who best candidate would be
• Showed different opinions of the views of most political topics
• Still survives till this day

• Henry Clay
• Young senator, Longtime speaker of the house
• early 1800 (from 1811)
• In politics, gov't
• Know for his cmbative temperament and prospertiy for dueling, - known as one of the era's greatest statesmen
• Promote National economic policy

• Washington's Farewell Address
• George Washington
• 1796
• GW warned of the dangers of political parties and entangling permanent alliances
• Gw convinced us to stay neutral and avoid foreign affaris
• Led to U.s isolationism
• Rise of political parties continued

• Great Compromise
• 1787
• Connecticut
• to see what plans to follow for constitution
• state representation from the colonies
• created House and Senate
• Came with one house by population and another house by two senators

• Barbary pirates
• first appeared in the mediterranean
• 1780-90s
• North Africa
• demanded money to protect all ships who sailed the mediterreanean
• U.s agreed to treaties providing from annual tribute to the North east

• Undeclared Naval War
• U.s and France
• 1798
• U.s
• France tried to bribe American's
• Got money and support
• U.S lost/gained allies
• France lost money
• America lost their long-time allies

• Treaty of alliance 1778
• 1778
• America or France
• France wanted Britain free of her colonies
• French and colonists
• Weaken Brits, cause France to want something in return
• Helped America win war

• Treaty of Paris 1783
• 1783
• Paris
• Recognized Independent of American colonies
• Britain and colonies
• granted colonies the territory
• Made America bigger

• The corrupt bargain
• 1820.
• America
• Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams
• Adams got Clay to give his vote so he could win for presidency
• Admas becomes President
• one of the first fixed election

• Loose/Strict interpretation
• Feds/Rep
• some liked strict, some liked loose
• follow what each individual wanted
• Have to different interpretations of how the constitution was to be viewed

• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
• President's personal secretary/Army officer
• 1804
• With the President
• Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of indians, overland trail to Pacific Ocean
• Led to U.S claim to Pacific NW

• Gibbons vs Odgen
• John Marshall
• 1824
• In 1808, the Ny legislator granted Aaron Odgen the exclsive ferry across the Hudson River b/w Ny and Nj
• Established national supremacy in regulation of interstate commerce
• In striking down the monopoly created by the developed steamboat navigation, soon afterward railroads

• Treaty of Ghent
• Dec 1814
• Ghent
• As a half to the fighting
• By peace commisioners in Ghent
• The return of all conquered territory
• Treaty was ratified to the pre-war borders by the senators
• Recognition of the pre-war boundary b/w Canada and the U.S

• Land ordinance of 1785
• 1785
• N. of Ohio River and West of App Mts
• Raise  needed funds
• Thomas Jefferson
• Allowed for a peaceful purchase of land, promoted an orderly expansion westward
• U.S govt was to come with a fair and reasonable land policy, unlike those before

• Critical Period 1781-1789
• The Critical Period
• Impact of Rev.
• slavery attacked
• women's rights
• Us debt
• caused movements and steps taken to solve what was going on
• Examples: establishment of U.S bank

• XYZ affair
• 1797
• France
• John Marshall, Charles Pickney, John Jay, Elbridge Gerry
• to avoid war w/France, President Adams sent three representatives to negoitate a peace agreement
• French insulted america by demanding a bribe of $250 thousand to merely talk with the french Foreign minster Charles-Maurice de Tallyrand
• U.S. and France began to fight an undeclared naval war

• War Hawks
• new member from South and West districts
• 1811
• demanded invasion of Canada
• wanted invasion of Canada for war in defense of "national honor"
• new generation of representatives were coming through

• Articles of Confederation
• Took effect March 1781 adopted Nov 1777
• Massachusetts
• Attempt to create a democratic govt
• Second Continential Congress
• Made each state independent
• Created weak nat. gov't with little powers
• Would unite in times of Congress
• Led to the Development of the Constitution

• Eli Whitney
• 1793 (Later 1700's)
• in the south
• Yale graduate
• gone south to teach and devised a mechanism from removing the sticky seeds from cotton
• Whitney spurred a revolution
• gave planters a profitable new use for slavery

• Articles of Confederation
• Took effect March 1781
• Massachusetts
• Attempt to create a democratic gov't
• Second Cont. Congress
• Made each state independent
• created weak nat. gov't with little power
• led to the development of the constitution

• Deism
• Remnants of Calvinst orthodox
• puring the enlightenment (1800s)
• God bilt universe, set it in motion, left us to our own facts
• rejected belief every statement in bible was literally true
• sort of like present day atheists

• Rev. of 1800
• Rep vs Feds
• 1800
• U.s
• different parties didn't like one another
• Reubs won elections
• Feds lost election for president
• Hatred increased b/w political parties not just in election, but all the time

• VA plan
• James Madison
• May 29, 1787
• Separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches and a true nat gov't whose laws would be binding upon individual citizen as well as states
• Congress had to be divided into two houses, upper and lower
• established a national gov't with 3 branches

• Nj plan(s)
• William Paterson
• June 15, 1787
• smaller states wanted equal representation in both  houses similar to Articles of Confed.
• Equal rep. by unicameral Congress
• Led to Rep of smaller states

• Rise of political parties (Fed/Anti Fed)
• 1780's (after constitution)
• in b/w the delegates of the const.
• Advancements of the const.
• Fed: well educated, George W., Alexander H. Ben F. and John Adams
• Antifed: Thomas Jeff., Patrick Henry, Sam Adams
• When a distinguished differance rose b/w those who supported strong central gov't vise versa
• Divided supporters and nonsupporters of the Const., Fed were better prepared, ratified Constitution yet anti Fed Thomas Jeff. became President
• Feds developed a collection of essays called the Federalish ehich defended the principle of supreme nat. authority

• Benjamin Bannker
• African American Almanac writer
• 1788.
• Maryland
• Wrote a book that occasionally included harsh commentary on slavery and the slave choice
• Helped other blacks to start writing books

• Marbury vs. madison
• William Marbury (Fed) vs. James Madison
• 1803
• in court
• Marbury didn't receive his commission from sec. of state James Madison and issued a "writ of mandamus" forcing Madison to deliver his commission
• Marshall dismissed suit but also struck part of Judiciary Act of 178
• Marshall chastised Jeffersonians While avoding a fight with adminstration
• Because of this case, states lost power which was given to weaker supreme court
• establishment precedent of judicial review and the sup. court, not states, had power to declare congress laws unconstitutional

• Bank of us
• Alexander Hamilton
• 1790's (during president GW's term)
• Funding federal and state debts
• by issurance of bank notes used as a national currency as well as expanding capital for the developing economy
• was very successful and made American have the best credit, help refund debts

• Va resolutions
• Va
• 1798
• Problems with some of the laws the men of that constitution were ruling
• Advance the state-compact theory, denounced the Alien and Sedition Act
• Said the state retained the right to say when Congress had exceeded its powers

Shay's Rebellion

• Shay's Rebellion
• small farmers
• early 1787 and 1786
• unfair taxation, reposession of items and debt; rage against massachusetts govt
• The private militia paid by wealthy Boston merchants
• N/a
• Rebellion had no victory; but gave way to conservative and nationalism
• Rebellion lost four people
• New legislators omitted direct taxes the following year, lowered court fees

• NW ordinance
• 1787
• Wherever Indian titles had be extinguished (NW)
• To help pay for war debt
• Congress
• Abandoned committment to early self govt when population reached sixty thousand
• Excluded Slavery permanently from NW

• Impressment
• after 1778
• on sea, ships
• French, Brits, American sailors
• Because the French were upset when Americans violated the Franco American Treaty of 1778
• The kidnapping of ships, contents and men; who were forced to join Fr./Brit navy
• XYZ affair, Fighting w/France

• Declaration of Indep.
• drafted by Thomas Jefferson
• 1776
• made to develop a public explanation of the reasons for colonies discontent and to provide a rationale for independence
• provide rights to every man
• govt derved powers from consent of people
• The most important document in history

• Bill of Rights
• Became effective Dec. 15, 1791
• because of the lack of provisions protecting individual and states rights had been one of the Anti-feds major objections to the const.
• Provided safeguards to certain fundamental rights: freedom of rel, speech, press...etc
• viewed as the most dramatic single gesture of conciliation that could be offered the remaining opponents of the gov't
• Provided no rights or legal protection to African Americans or Indians

• Judicial Review
• 1796
• U.s
• Supreme Court and Congress
• Fed said Sup. Court had authority to nullify acts of Congress
• upheld the validity of a law passed by the legislative
• showed sup. court could rule things constit. and unconstitutional acts

• Edmond- Charles Edward Genet
• The French Gov't new ambassador
• 1793
• France and America
• made a fool of himself when he went to America; conspired w/Fronitermen outfitted to capture Brit ship
• messed up relations wth France even more

• Alien and Sedition Acts
• Proposed by extreme Feds in Congress
• 1798
• Alien act-empowered president to deport
• Sedition Act- a high misdemeanor any conspiracy against legal measure of govt
• designed to punish republicians
• led to draft the Kentucky and VA Resolutions

• Pinckney's Treaty
• mid 1790's
• America
• When Thomas won spanish acceptance of American boundary and the 31st paraleel, free navigation of the Mississippi River
• Ratification fo this Treaty was especially popular, especially among westerners eager to use the Mississippi River to transport crops to markets
• settled matters with Britain and Spain, and caused a surge of settlers to head for the West