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| Accounted for half the white settlers in all the colonies outside New England. A person agreed to work for a fixed number of years in return for transportation to the New World. Some people went to better themselves, but some were forced. At the end of an indenture, usually after four to seven years, a servant claimed the freedom dues set by law-some money, tools, clothing, food-and often took up land-owning. Some of the first slaves were indentured servants. |
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| 2. Trade and Navigation Acts |
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| Navigation Act, made by Oliver Cromwell, adopted by Parliament in 1651 to win back trade with England’s colonies. Required all imported goods by England or the colonies arrive on English ships and that the majority of the crew be English. Parliament then passed the Navigation Act of 1660 which required ship crew to be three-quarters English, and products not made by the mother country to be shipped from the colonies only to England or other English colonies. Navigation Act of 1663 required all ships carrying goods from Europe to America to dock in England, be offloaded, and pay a duty before proceeding. Navigation Act of 1673 Plantation Duty Act) required that every captain loading enumerated articles in the colonies pay a duty, or tax, on them. |
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| Made on November 21, 1620. Made in Plymouth which was outside the jurisdiction of any organized government. Forty-one Pilgrims agreed to abide by laws made by leaders of their own choosing. Later used as a model by other New England settlers, the compact helped establish the distinctive American tradition of consensual government. |
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| Separatist, held a brief pastorate in Salem, then moved to Plymouth only to return to Salem because of a quarrel with the authorities over their treatment of Indians. Removed by the Church of Salem because his ideas were too radical. He was banished to England in 1635 by the general court. Williams and a few followers headed into the wilderness. In the spring of 1636, he bought land from the Indians and established the colony of Providence, the first permanent settlement in Rhode Island and the first in America to legislate freedom of religion. |
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| 5. Great Puritan Migration |
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| Migration of 40,000 English refugees to what is now the Northeastern U.S., the Chesapeake Bay Area, and the Caribbean in the 1630s. Puritans migrated due to the believe that the Church of England was beyond reform. Most settled in New England and still professed an allegiance to the Church of England. It began with the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and ended in 1642 when King Charles I shutoff emigration to the colonies with the start of the English Civil War. |
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| 6. New England Confederation |
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| A political and military alliance of the British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven established May 19, 1643 to unite the Puritans against the Indians. Established as a direct result between a war which started between the Mohegan and the Narragansetts. Confederation was highly successful in bonding the colonies together, and provided a basis for further collaboration of colonies in times such as the American Revolution. |
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| 7. Freedom of Consciences |
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| A Congregationalist minister in Northampton, in western Massachusetts. Took charge of the church in 1727. Remarkable spiritual revival occurred in the congregation between 1734 and 1735. He was convinced that Christians had become preoccupied with making and spending money and that religion had become too intellectual and in the process had lost its animating force. Helped the Great Awakening reach its peak in 1742 when he delivered his most famous sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.” |
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| Accepted by an assembly of ministers at Boston in 1662. Baptized children of church members could be admitted to a “halfway” membership. Their own children could be baptized but the “halfway” members could neither vote nor take communion. This materialism of New England damaged the Puritan utopia. |
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| Happened in 1692 in Salem Village. Began when a few teenage girls were entranced by African tales told by Tituba, a West Indian slave. At a hearing Tituba admitted to it and said many people in the town were doing the devil’s work. The girls began to point at people accusing them. The Salem jail was overflowed in a few months with people accused of practicing witchcraft. The hysteria lasted ten months and in that time nineteen people had been hanged and one man who refused to plea guilty or not guilty was pressed to death by heavy stones. Over a 100 others were jailed. |
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| John Winthrop told fellow Puritans onboard the Arbella heading to Massachusetts that “we must consider that we shall be a city upon a hill”- an example of what a truly godly community could be. By the end of 1630, seventeen ships bearing 1,000 colonists arrived in Massachusetts and Boston became the chief city and capital. |
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| 13. Proprietary, Royal, Charter Colonies |
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| Zenger was imprisoned for ten months for publishing criticisms of New York’s governor in his newspaper, the New York Weekly Journal, and was brought to trial in 1735. It was against English common law to criticize government, so the jury’s only job was to determine whether Zenger had published the opinion. Zenger’s lawyer claimed that the editor had published the truth. The judge ruled this as an unacceptable defense, but the jury held the editor not guilty. Editors thereafter criticisized officials more freely. |
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| Young English minister who was the catalyst of the Great Awakening. Arrived in Philadelphia in the autumn of 1739, and preached to huge crowds late in that year. Heard by John Edwards who wept through most of his sermon. Whitefield and Edwards were infectious and imitators of their message and technique sprang up everywhere. |
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| A wave of evangelism that within a few years swept the colonies from one side to the other. Needed because by the 1730s their was a sense of spiritual decline. George Whitefield was the catalyst of the Great Awakening. Reached its peak in 1741 with the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards. Successful in awakening the piety of Americans. Between 1740 and 1742 25,000 to 50,000 New Englanders, out of a total population of 300,000 joined churches. Permanently implanted evangelical energies and the appeal of revivalism in American culture. |
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§ Mercantile system or Mercantilism
§ This system was originated in Restoration England under Charles II
§ Mercantile system was formed on the assumption that the world’s supply of gold and silver remained essentially fixed, with only a nation’s share in that wealth subject to change.
§ With the Navigation Act, mercantilism required that all goods imported by England or the colonies arrive on English ships and that the majority of the crew be English. Also, with the Navigation Act of 1673, every captain was required to pay a duty or tax while loading enumerated articles in the colonies.
§ One nation could gain wealth only at the expense of another by seizing its gold and silver and dominating its trade, limiting foreign imports and preserving a favorable balance of trade. Also, the colonies were exploited as sources of raw materials and markets for its finished.
§ The Massachusetts Bay Colony ignored royal wishes; it also tolerated violations of the Navigation Acts. This led the Lords of Trade to begin legal proceedings against the colonial charter in 1678, which they won six years later annulling the Massachusetts charter. |
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§ Bacon’s Rebellion
§ 1676
§ Jamestown, VA
§ The major participants were William Berkeley, Nathaniel Bacon, the Indians (Susquehannocks, Doeg)
§ The roots of the revolt grew out of a festering hatred for the domineering colonial governor, William Berkeley. Since he gave his closet friends the best land, the less fortunate were forced to migrate westward in their quest of farms. Their lust for land led them to displace the Indians. When the Governor Berkeley failed to support the aspiring farmers, they rebelled.
§ No accomplishment came from the rebellion. However, Governor Berkeley hanged twenty-three men
§ Berkeley confiscated several estates. |
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§ Founded in 1636
§ The creation of Harvard College based on religious motives
§ This college was created to benefit the Puritans because dreaded “ to leave an illiterate ministry to the church when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.”
§ Harvard has become one of the most prestigious colleges in America. |
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§ Stono Rebellion
§ 1739
§ South Carolina
§ Mistreated slaves of the South Carolina region
§ This took place because the slaves where treated terribly as they worked relentlessly for their master.
§ There wasn’t any accomplishment gained out of this rebellion. The slaves resisted work orders, sabotaging crops and tools, or running away to the frontier, which ruined many plantations.
§ Every slave who participated in the Stono Uprising, enraged planters “cutt off their heads and set them up at every Mile Post.” |
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§ Uncomprising sect of Puritans, the Separatists
§ November 21,1620 from the Pilgrims
§ To give outcasts of the English country and rule an area that they can live on without be prosecuted.
§ The powers of the Mayflower Compact were that the civil government evolved naturally out of the church government, the members of each were initially identical.
§ By autumn the Pilgrims had a bumper crop of corn, a flourishing fur trade, and a supply of lumber for shipment.
§ They held a harvest feast with the Wampanoags, an annual ritual that would later be dubbed Thanksgiving. Also, the Mayflower Compact help establish the distinctive American tradition of consensual government. |
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§ House of Burgesses, Delegates, or Representatives
§ The 13 colonies
§ This was created to avoid the system of the English that included governors and members appointed by either king or proprietor and in a way have a democracy.
§ First, they controlled the budget by their vote on taxes and expenditures. Second, they held the power to initiate legislation. They used these powers to pull other strands of power into their hands when the chance presented itself.
§ Often in the course of routine business, the assemblies passed laws and set precedents the collective significance of which neither neither they nor the imperial authorities fully recognized.
§ These laws and practices became fixed principles, part of the “constitution” of the colonies. Self-government in the colonies became first a habit, then a “right.” |
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healer and midwife and hosted meetings in her home to discuss sermons.
she challenged the very legitimacy of ministerial community as well as the hard-earned assurances of salvation.
she undermined the stability of a fragile social system and theological order which was made worse by the fact she was a woman who had the nerve to make such charges and assertions that she did.
her revelations with the Holy Spirit told her only 3 Puritan ministers preached the covenant of grace |
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govenor
led the pilgrims on there transatlantic voyage on the Mayflower to land which was secured in the Virginia Company.
kept the affaris of Plymouth in good temper for 37 years. |
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| 29. French and Indian War |
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Britain and France
1754-1763
North America
Britain required raw materials and money be shipped to England and in an effort to raise revenue the English established extensive customs. The colonies were interested in overcoming the French and appealed to King to raise armies to defend
Treaty of Paris
France's North American possesions ceded to Great Britain
Britain gained Canada and land east of the Mississippi
After war unpopular tax..... contributed to the beginning of the American Revolutionary War |
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English philosopher
His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology and politcal phiolophy.
very influencial person who influenced many well-known people and has influence reflected in the Declaration of Independence |
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August 31, 1142
it was formed to stop tribes from fighting and bring them together
one of the strongest forces in seventeength and eighteenth century in northeastern North America.
Later helped our founding fathers develop a new government which was similar to what the Iroquois had set up. |
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1617
as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large amounts of land and workers.
allowed wealthy property owners to get more lnd by paying the passage of indentured servants.
It attracted many immigrants to come to the colonies to gain land but many people were turned down by kings who wanted the land to produce more goods for their trading companies. |
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1607 to 1763
It was made to help colonies flourish by avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws.
It was a large contributing factor taht led to the American Revolutionary War.
This policy came to an end through acts such as the Stamp and Sugar causing tensions within the colonies. |
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1754
Albany Congress
Benjamin Franklin
An attempt at forming a union of colonies that would unite English coloniests with England to assist in defending the New World during the French and Indian War.
Used to help write the Articles of Confederation; established an elected legislature without the power to tax. |
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British general/philanthropist
sailed for 150 days, arriving in Charleston, South Carolina and settled in Savannah, Georgia where he negotiated with the Creek tribe to set up defensive forts.
He arranged slavery to be banned in Georgia.
He also established the first Masonic Lodge within the British Colony of Georgia.
He was also responsible for a number of successful raids on Spanish forts during the War of Jenkin's Ear and War of Austrian Succession. |
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