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Interactional view (person) |
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Interactional view (another name...) |
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Ideas in the Interactional view |
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-systems affect each other -everything within a system works together -I Cor. 12:26... Members affect each other |
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Paul Watzlawick (about...) |
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Palo Alto group influenced by work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson |
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Authors of "The Pragmatics of Human Communication" |
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Paul Watzlawick Janet Beavin Don Jackson |
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Interpersonal communication and Family studies |
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authors reject the idea that individual motive and personality traits determine communication |
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A family is like a game.. |
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and you have to know the rules of the game ...Don't know the rules of the game until someone violates them |
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Axiom #1: Family Homeostasis |
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drive for family to stay the same |
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Axiom #2: One Can not not communicate |
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its impossible not to communicate |
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Axiom #3: Communication = Content + Relationship |
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Content... What is said, "report", language oriented, digital Relationship... How it is said, "command", nonverbal, analogical Relationship messages tell people how to interpret content |
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communication about communication |
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wife nags.... husband withdraws..... ongoing cycle! |
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Axiom #5: Complimentary or Symmetrical |
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arrows: up and down, both up, both down, both pointing to the right |
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(mixed messages) schizophrenia |
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different perception or behavior Tony Evans (preacher in Texas)... His father decided to make things different |
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Small group Communication.... |
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the whole is different from the individual parts |
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energy produced by the group |
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when the group product is less than one would expect from individual people |
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The group product is greater than the sum of its parts |
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"No man is an island entire of itself." |
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functional perspective on group decision making |
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what communication must accomplish for jointly made decisions to be wise |
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functional perspective on group decision making (people) |
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Randy Hirokawa & Dennis Gouran |
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quality decision (person) |
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appropriate decision (person) |
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1. analysis of the problem 2. goal setting 3. identification of alternatives 4. evaluation of + and - characteristics |
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Tradition Wisdom: Talk is the conduit of information H&G: Talk also creates social reality |
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Actual Group = Potential Group - Losses due to group Productivity Productivity process |
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Ivan Steiner... (3 things) |
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1. Promotive 2. Disruptive 3. Counteractive |
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John Dewey's Process of Reflective Thinking ...medical model |
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1. recognize the symptoms of the illness 2. Diagnose the cause of the ailment 3. Establish criteria for wellness 4. Consider Possible remedies 5. Test to determine which solution will work 6. Implement or prescribe the best solution 7. (extra) meeting later to discuss the course of action |
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Symbolic Convergence Theory (person) |
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Symbolic Convergence Theory |
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-Sharing group fantasies creates symbolic convergence -"dramatizing" -talk about whats outside the group -talk about what happend at previous meetings -talk about whats in the future -people chime in, add their own stories |
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One person begins a story -difficulties -uncertainties -unknowns -confusion Other people add to story -fantasy -by chaining out... fantasy theme |
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Approaches to Organizations |
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1. mechanistic approach 2. Human Relations Approach 3. human resources approach 4. general systems approach 5. cultural apprpoach 6. political approach |
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-oldest approach -most traditional |
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Mechanistic Approach (compares) |
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compares organizations to machines compares organisms as replaceable parts |
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Mechanistic Approach (people) |
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mechanistic approach (boss) |
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in charge there is a chain of command downward communication not interested in opinions of employees little flexbility |
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mechanistic approach (motivation) |
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were like a family concern for social and psychological needs of employees |
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Human resources approach (people want...) |
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people want to work people motivate themselves people want training opportunities people want to be their best as individuals and employees |
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open communication influence on worker's self worth worker satisfaction achievement professional development self control self direction |
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General systems approach (looks @) |
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looks at whole/total organization looks at the coordination of the dept. looks at ppl/elements |
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General systems approach (misc.) |
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no one best way to manage interdependence looks at formal and informal communication |
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-feedback -networks -synergy |
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-struggle for power -overt (obvious) -covert -Critical Theory (based on Socialism) |
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The Cultural Approach (person) |
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Clifford Geertz &Michael Pacanowsky |
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Communication "organizations dont have cultures, they ARE cultures" Shared meaning/values/understanding/sense making HIGH culture |
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figurative language comparison not literal comparisons ex. Liberty bubble |
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corporate stories personal stories collegial stories |
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carries the ideology of management and reinforce company policy |
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tell about personal experience w/in an organization |
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related to another person in the corporation |
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rituals traditions similarites |
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ceremonies differences colors |
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phrases/slogans artifacts markers |
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liberty way statues tell where things are |
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Critical Theory is loosely related too |
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Karl Marx (Communism,Socialism,Marxism) |
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Corporations primary goal is prosperity International corporation |
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International competitions |
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Sony/McDonalds/VISA/Toyota/Apple/Nike/Walmart |
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International Companies motivations |
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We make life better for other people Doing a good thing by going to another country |
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when lots of people have a say in the corporations |
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corporate success----human interests |
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human interests... $/benefits/safety/security/free of polution |
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opinion being considered more people need a voice |
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people with "voice" are stakeholders |
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1. investors 2. workers 3. consumers 4. suppliers 5. host community 6. Greater Society in the world community |
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