Proto type

A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. its the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.

Binary Question

a question to which there are only two possible answers.

Binary Message

a message that can only be one of two possible values.

Bit

A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

Bit rate

(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. 

Protocol

A set of rules and standards governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

Bandwidth

Transmission capacity measure by bit rate

Latency

Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.

ASCII

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

code  (v)

to write code, or to write instructions for a computer.

Request for Comments (RFC)

IP Address

Packets

Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

Router

a computer, device which receives messages travelling across a network and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information included with the message.

TCP

DNS

Domain Name Server, System: the Internet's system for converting alphabetic url names into numeric IP addresses.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol used by the World Wide Web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers respond to commands.

Abstraction

Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics.

Server

A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.

Client

A computer that requests data stored on a server

Net Neutrality

The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

Internet Censorship

Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative. ... Other areas of censorship include copyrights, defamation, harassment, and obscene material. Support for and opposition to Internet censorship also varies.

Network Surveillance

Computer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored on a hard drive, or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet. The monitoring is often carried out covertly and may be completed by governments, corporations, criminal organizations, or individuals.

Heuristic

Image

A type of data used for graphics or pictures.

Metadata

Pixel

Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

Hexadecimal Number System

A Base 16 numbering system. A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — which can occur in each place value.

Lossless Compression

A compression scheme in which every bit of the original data can be recovered from the compressed file.

Lossy Compression

A compression scheme in which “useless” or less-than-totally-necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.

Abstraction

Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. To break problems up into separate parts which can then be solved separately and recombined to form a complete solution. To focus on and use something based only on what it does and without concern for how that functionality is accomplished.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation.

README

A document providing background information about a dataset.

CSV

Abbreviation of "comma-separated values," this is a widely-used format for storing data

Raw data