Term
|
Definition
- Inflammation of fluid filled sacs that act as cushions between tendons and bones
- Most commonly affects olecranon, subdeltoid, ischial, and prepatellar.
- First line treatment: Ice and NSAIDS. Intrabursal corticosteroid injection if unrelieved after 4-8 weeks. First line treatment for prepatellar bursitis only: corticosteroid injection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Asymmetrical inflammation (swelling + edema)
- M and W equally affected
- Herberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes
- Better in the morning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Symmetrical inflammation (swelling+ edema+redness+ heat)
- W > M affected
- Hands (sparing DIP), wrists, ankles, and toes are most often involved
- Worse in the morning
- bouttenniere deformity, swan neck
- Treatment: DMARDs, methotrexate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Acute onset monoarticular arthritis usually triggered by decreased urate excretion i.e. d/t thiazide diuretic, niacin, ASA, and cyclosporine
- Treatment: Reduce inflammation with NSAID, Colchicine 0.6 mg Q hour up to 2.4 mg daily, and Prednisone 40-60 mg daily until pain relief then taper over 6-7 days for up to 10 days of use. After acute flare up, 24 hour urine collection for uric acid to check if due to over production (use allopurinol) or under secretion through kidneys (use probenecid). Avoid foods high in purine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Specific lumbar nerve root findings
• L3-L4 Disk Pathology: Have patient squat and rise
• L4-L5 Disc Pathology: Have patient walk on heels of feet
• L5-L6 Disc Pathology: Have patient walk on toes
o Mgmt: Functional bracing, Rest or limited activity, Alternate ice/heat therapy, PT, NSAIDs, Muscle relaxants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- McMurray’s test positive for medial meniscal injuries
- Lachman’s test (Anterior/Posterior Drawer test) positive for anterior/posterior cruciate ligament tear
- Apley’s grind tests pain or click positive for medial or lateral collateral ligament damage and/or meniscus injury
• Performed by flexing knee at 90 degrees with patient prone, putting pressure on heel with one hand while rotating lower leg internally and externally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Narrowing of openings where spinal nerves leave spinal column
- Caused by arthritis, herniated disc, injury, defect, tumors, or bone disease
- Numbness, cramping or pain in affected area that may worsen when standing or walking upright
- Mgmt: NSAIDS, PT. If persists, surgery. |
|
|
