Term
| 4 major statin benefit groups |
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Definition
1. clinical ASCVD
2. LDLC> or equal to 190 mg/dL
3. Diabetes aged 40-75 w/ LDL 70-189
4. estimated 10-year ASCVD risk of 7.5% of higher w/ LDL 70-189 |
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Term
|
Definition
- acute coronary syndromes
- history of MI
- stable or unstable angina
- coronary or other arterial revascularization
- stroke
- PAD
- TIA |
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Term
|
Definition
| at least 3 elevations on 2 different occasions |
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Term
|
Definition
general 60 and older: <150/90
general <60 y/o: <140/90
Diabetes: <140/90
CKD: <140/90
Nonblacks: thiazides, CCB, ACE, or ARB initial
Blacks: thiazides or CCBs
CKD: ACEI or ARB
when to titrate up? - 1 MONTH |
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Term
|
Definition
- low pitched diastolic rumble murmur
best heard at apex in left lateral poition
- can cause a fib
- opening snap of MV
- like bowling ball or thunder |
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Term
|
Definition
pansystolic, often loud, blowing, best heard at apex, radiates well to left axilla
- high-pitched |
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Term
|
Definition
2nd right ICS space
Systolic, blowing murmur at 2nd right ICS usually radiating to the neck (carotids)
diminished S2
diminished carotid pulses
- in young, bicuspid valve, in old, rheumatic and calcific
- softens with standing |
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Term
|
Definition
best heard at 3rd Left ICS at base with forced expiration and when person sits up and leans forward, radiates down
Murmur starts almost immediately with S2, soft high pitched, blowing diastolic, decrescendo
- rheumatic etiology |
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Term
|
Definition
- EXERTIONAL
- chest discomfort lasting several minutes
- precipitated by physical activity, subsides with rest |
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Term
|
Definition
- REST, pre-infarct
- defined as a new onset of symptoms at rest or worsening symptoms with activities that did not previously provoke symptom |
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Term
|
Definition
- older age
- male
- high ldl, low hdl
- smoker
- HTN
- DM
- FH of CAD 1st degree male <55
- obesity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Blood pressure - greater than or equal to 130/85
2. Fasting Blood glucose - greater than or equal to 100
3. Triglycerides - greater than 150
4. HDL - less than 40 in men and 50 in women
5. Waist circumference - greater than or equal to 35 in. in women, 40 in men |
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Term
|
Definition
Underweight: < 18.5 kg/m2
Normal weight: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2
Overweight: 25-29.9 kg/m2
Obesity (Class 1): 30-34.9 kg/m2
Obesity (Class 2): 35-39.9 kg/m2
Extreme obesity (Class 3): > or = to 40 |
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Term
| Target organs for damage in HTN |
|
Definition
| - eyes, kidneys, brain, heart |
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Term
|
Definition
- mid to late systolic murmur w/ mid systolic click
- Grade 1–3/6 late systolic crescendo murmur with honking quality heard best at apex. Murmur follows mid-systolic click |
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Term
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
| - mid-systolic murmur that gets louder when he stands |
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Term
| Antibiotic for endocarditis prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
Amoxicillin
if allergic to pen
clinda, azithromycin, or keflex |
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Term
|
Definition
I/VI - barely audible, heard only in a quiet room and then with difficulty
II/VI - Audible but faint
clearly audible, but faint; in innocents
III/VI - Moderately loud, easily heard
IV/VI - Loud; associated with a THRILL palpable on the chest wall
V/VI - Very loud; heard with one corner of the stethoscope off the chest wall
VI/VI - Loudest, still heard with entire stethoscope lifted just off the chest wall |
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Term
|
Definition
- beta blockers
- nitroglycerin
- CCB
- statins |
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Term
|
Definition
| - diastolic >130 , reduce by 25% in 2 hours |
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Term
|
Definition
SBP>220 or DBP>120
- u have time, get it down
- clonidine |
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Term
|
Definition
Def: when the CO is insufficient to meet metabolic needs of body
1. systolic - inability to contract results in decreased CO
2. Diastolic - inability to relax and fill results in decreased cardiac output
3. Acute - abrupt onset usually follows acute MI or valve rupture
4. Chronic - Develops as a result of inadequate compensatory mechanisms that have been employed over time to improve cardiac output |
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Term
| Heart failure classifications (NYHA) |
|
Definition
I - no limitations of physical activity
II - Slight limitations of physical activity but comfortable at rest (fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, or angina)
III - Marked limitations of physical activity but comfortable at rest
IV - Severe, inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort (s/s while at rest)
(sx always) |
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Term
|
Definition
Left: dyspnea at rest, coarse rales over all lung fields, wheezing frothy cough, S3 gallop
Right: JVD, dependent edema, PND, LOOKS ILL, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
Labs: Echo, chest xray (pulmonary edema, kerley B lines), BNP, troponin, etc. |
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