Exceptionalities:

-challenged,talented, gifted(TAG), emotionally stressed or abused

Learning Disabilities:

-identify but privately, confidential

-teachers & administrators notified

-broad; physical or learning, hamper  an individual's development or ability to perform actions

-different levels of abilities

IEP-individual education plan; academic framework for the student

- developed by team of proffesionals

-tool to help maximize potential

Autism- high case # , present in 1st 3 years of life

Emotional stress & abuse:

determined by:frequency, duration, & intensity of stressed-response behavior

Signs: Lying, stealing, fighting, crying, destroy things, all regularly &/or habits, atitudes changes sudden

-need to identify when help is needed so monitor behaviors,  the actions ask for help or  if want it.

Address:

1.communicate issue & extent

2. school involves other professionals& parents(unless source of abuse)

3. communication from home to school constantly

-Establish environment to reduce negative behaviors & promote appropriate behavior

-Clear expectations, rules from 1st day, describe disablity, if needed.

Behavior Modification: course of action to help student deal w/ emotional or behavioral disorders

-

Neurotic Disorders:

2nd most common disorder in children

Neurosis: phychological disorder characterized by general distress

physical anxiety, overdependence, social isolation, sleep problems, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, irrational fears, obsession

Depression-ongoing sadness, crying, lack of interest, eating & sleep issues, wanting to be dead

-extreme phy

Psychotic: Psychosis- loss of contact with reality, rare in childhood

Schizophrenia- in childhood, deliberatly escapes, withdraws, more common in boys, lack of facial expression

early Infantile Autism:

- cause unknown

-impaired social interaction & communication

Signs:

-as early as 4th months apathetic, oblivious in crib

- develops normal then happens from no where around 18months

-often misdiagnosed, common in boys

-don't make eye contact, don't hear those speaking to them, no empathy, no humor, languages issues, compulsive, repetitive,  react with fear or rage, rocking, or motionless

Socialization- different levels "Rain MAn"

-outpatient psychotherapy, drugs, long term treatment home

Signs of Alcohol/chemical abuse; decline in Physical appereance,

Social, occupational, mental & emotional, acedemic, spiritual 

Reasons:abuse, divorce, injury, self esteem, peer groups,  #1- parent-child issues

Language:

L1-first language

L2- second language

-will master L1 but almost never master L2;higher if learned by age 7

-lang. behavioral, imitate adults' speech

L2-

-harder for adults

-Jim Cummins

1.basic Interpersonal Communication Skills(BICS)-everyday lang. used to communicate simple thoughts

2.Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency(CALP)- complex thoughts, academic lang used in school, harder to aquire, may never be mastered

5 principles: Stephen Krausen

1. Acquistion-Learning:difference between  learning a lang. & aquiring it

2.Monitor Hypothesis:learned lang."monitors'the aquired lang; aperson's "grammar check" kicks in & keeps akward, incorrect lang. out of L2 communication

3. Natural Order Hypothesis:

 grammatical structures is predictable & follows a "natural order"

4.Input Hypothesis: "comprhensible input"; learner will learn best when instruction  or conversation  is just above learner's ability

5. affective Filter: learn a 2nd lang. when they are relaxed , high level of motivation, decent level of self-confidence.

English as a 2nd language:

-always teach with student's developmental level in mind, no matter how much English is known

not "dumbed down"

-social methods, visual aids to make connections, additional assessments, assignments, projects, oral test vs. written

- Functional Approach- to motivate ESOL , activities to reduce fear, focuses on communative elements, necesity words, asking for help, travel related

Total Physical Approach:kinesthetic motivational method combines Lang. & pyhsical movement

Mn based native American Groups:

important to learn about, learn to respect  members of unique cultural groups when realize their contributions to society

-Mn teaching  License;elementary & social science- must have knowledge of Tribal govern., history & culture

Students- know effect past & current treaties,agreements, & congressional acts  have had on MN Native Americans