Term
Coelom (what is it?)
- the 2 cavities that it forms |
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Definition
The Body Cavity
- Forms the 1. Anterior Pericardial Cavity (surrounds the heart) and 2. the Posterior Pleuroperitoneal Cavity (holds viscera, and can be divided into 2 pleural cavities and 1 peritoneal cavity) |
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Definition
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Definition
a layer of loose CT sandwiched btwn two layers of mesothelium
- it is continuous with serosa
- it provides support for nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels |
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Term
| what divides the two cavities of the Coelom in the Squalus and Necturus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cavities of the Cat and what separates them? |
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Definition
1. Thoracic Cavity - contains the 2 pleural cavities and 1 pericardial cavity
2. the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity - contains the viscera and reproductive organs.
- separated by the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary respiratory muscle in mammals |
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Term
| What pathway does food take? |
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Definition
| the mouth > pharynx > esophagus > esophageal sphincter > stomach > pyloric sphincter > small intestine > ileocecal sphincter > large intestine > rectum |
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Definition
| liquid mass form of digested food |
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Definition
| Tubular structure - goes from esophagus to the anus |
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Term
| 4 layers of the digestive tract |
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Definition
1. mucosa (with villi in sm. int)
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
4. Serosa |
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Term
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Definition
epithelial layer resting on CT called Lamina Propria
Its primary functions are:
1. secrete mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones
2. absorption of end products of digestion
3. protects against infectious disease |
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Definition
| dense irregular CT containing blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers |
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Definition
responsible for peristalsis and segmentation and it mixes and moves food along the alimentary canal. Made up of 2 layers.
1. inner circular layer
2. outer longitudinal layer
both of smooth muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Protective outer layer.. found in the peritoneal cavity, composed of loose CT and a single layer of mesothelium
- it secretes fluid that keeps the surfaces moist and lubricated |
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Definition
| found in the small intestine, extend off the mucosa, might be surrounded by Goblet cells (appear white on slide) |
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Term
| Esophagus location and functions |
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Definition
located between the pharynx and Stomach
functions:
1. Transport food
2. Aid in digestion -
crush eggs in snakes and
3. Temporary storage
In birds - form a crop - which can store food and also produce milky secretion to aid in feeding young |
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Term
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Definition
*not found in lampreys, tunicates, and amphioxus - food goes straight to intestine
*used as a storage chamber, produces hydorchloric acid to kill bacteria and preserve food
*not essential for use because pancreas produces digestive enzymes also
*when not distended with food, relaxes into folds known as rugae |
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Term
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Definition
evolved from stomachs in fish.. they grind up food
- possessed by some reptiles, crocodiles and all birds
- composed of a thick muscular wall and tough lining. it contains small stones that aid in grinding |
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Term
Intestine
Squalus
Fish
Birds and mammals
Amphibians and reptiles |
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Definition
Primary site for both digestion and absorption - it generally has two regions
- surface area varies according to type of food eaten and animal's activity level.
- in the squalus - has a spiral valve - increases surface area, also increases transit time and absorpative surface
- in fish, spiral valve is reduced or absent - intestine lengthens and coils
- Birds and mammals - ints are very long and have much more surface area - increased by villi
- amphibians and reptiles - ints are moderately long |
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Term
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Definition
made up of Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
has villi within mucosa |
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Definition
Starts with Cecum, then Colon, then rectum
- in amphibians its short and mainly reabsorbs water, temporarily stores feces
- In mammals, it varies in length depending on diet |
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Term
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Definition
liver releases bile - which neutralizes the acidity of chyme, produces favorable pH for action of pancreatic and Intestinal enzymes
It also breaks fat down into small globules (so P and I enzymes can act)
- both secretions are continuous and slow in animals that feed frequently
in animals that eat intermittently, they are released only when chyme is released into intestine |
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Definition
| stores bile that is produced by the liver |
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Definition
| enable animals to slowly process plant matter using microorganisms that produce cellulase to breake down cellulose and release nutruients |
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| Structure and evolution of Digestive System |
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Definition
Affected by many factors:
1 food eaten 2 level of activity
3 metabolism of animal 4 size of animal
*active animals need large digestive and absorptive surface areas |
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Definition
| to get rid of wastes (undigested chyme, liner cells, bacteria) the lining of the digestive tract is subjected to wide changes in pH, enzyme action, and abrasion |
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Term
| function of the greater omentum |
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Definition
made up of a double sheet of peritoneum
mainly used for protection |
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Term
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Definition
| makes and gets rid of red blood cells, also makes white blood cells when infection is present |
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