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| closely related to ethology; different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences |
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| studied behavior of honeybees, and the dance of the honeybees |
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| bees communicated by dancing; round dance indicates food is nearby while a waggle dance indicates food is far away |
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| scouter bees look for food and nesting sites and then return with information; use location cues, sun, polarized light, magnetic fields |
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| honeybees form a hierarchy within hive with one queen bee, produces a chemical that suppresses all other bee's estrogen so that she is the only bee to reproduce; tended to and fed by worker bees and then lays thousands of eggs |
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| very few male bees (drones) are produces whose only purpose is to mate with the queen |
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| see flower color and unltraviolet light; Von Frisch found that coney bees could see certain markers on flowers (honeyguides) that human's could not. |
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| animals are adept naviagtors, someuse map and compass and others use landmarks; others have true navigational abilities (birds and bees) |
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| cues for animal navigation |
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| atmospheric pressure, infrasound, magnetic sense, sun compass, star compass, polarized light |
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| sophisticated type of perception, which generally replaces sight (dolphins, bats) Bats have amazing accuracy with it |
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| owls travel at night and can determine navigation because of their assymetrical ears; hear different levels of sound |
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| experimented with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving; chimps were able to create novel solutions to problem by perceiving the whole picture (not trial and error); chimps using tools; called the a-ha experience |
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| Wolfgang Kohler's experiments with chimps where they used novel solutions to solve problems by perceiving the whole picture |
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| Harlow's monkeys, researched development with Rhesus monkets, studied social isolation and maternal stimulation |
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| social isolation in monkeys |
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| Harlow studied monkeys raised in isolation and those with a peer group; found isolation hampered development; non normative social function, sexual function, maternal function |
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| contact comfort in monkeys |
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| Harlow's experiements with monkeys; found that terry cloth mother robot was an attachment figure; bonded through comforting experience |
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| learning to learn in monkeys |
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| Harlow demonstrated that monkeys become better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences |
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| bred maze bright and maze dull monkeys to demonstrate the heritability of behavior |
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| enriched environment rats |
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| bright and dull bred rats performed well in enriched environments; performed poorly in an impoverished environments |
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| concept of instrumental learning with animals; type of learning that happens through trial, error, and accidental effects; Law of Effects: successful behavior are more likely to be repeated |
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| Thorndike's experiment where he deomnstrated Law of Effects-successful behaviors are more likely to be repeated; cat would press the escape door lever to be free |
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| cross fostering experiences |
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| experiements that attempt to separate the effects of heredity and environment |
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| studied sea slug Aplysia; could identify the few large nerve cells and positied that learning and memoery are evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathway |
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