Term
| which glands are located in the walls of the oral cavity and oral pharynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what glands are located outside of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gland lies below the auricular or ear cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gland runs along the masseter muscle and empties into the buccal vestibule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gland is caudal to the angle of the jaw and is a mixed gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gland runs rostrally with the sublingual duct to open near the sublingual caruncle on the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gland is deep to the mucous membrand that is along the ventral aspect of the lateral surface of the tounge? |
|
Definition
| sublingual salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| which gland mainly secreats serous secreations and the polystomatic part sends several ducts opening directly on the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
| sublingual salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| the sublingual salivary gland is absent in what animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dogs and cats have what gland that is ventral to the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three parts of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gland has an exocrine function as NaHCO3 and digestive enzymes are dicharged into the duodenum through its ducts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gland has endocrine fetures as its islets produce hormones (insulin and glucagon) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are openings in the cranial duodenum that serve as opeings for the common bile duct and the pancreatic ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the dog, what is 3-6 com distal to the pylorus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what open at the major duodenal papilla as well as the pancreatic duct which may be absent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is where the accessory pancreatic duct opens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the cat, what is the main pancreatic duct that opens on the minor duodenal papilla? |
|
Definition
| accessory pancreatic duct |
|
|
Term
| what duct do horses have that dogs do not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ox only have which pancreatic duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which pancreatic duct and duodenal papilla are missing in ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in swine, which pancreatic duct is the only one present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is shorter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is thicker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is closly associated with the descending duodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is directed caudomedially and crosses the median plane behind the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is enclosed in the deep leaf of the greater omentum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is directed caudodorsally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is enclosed in the mesoduodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the main pancreatic ducts form as a result of the union of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the interlobular ducts branch into what, that enter the individual lobules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the terminal ducts of the pancreas are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the intercalated ducts lead to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the arterial blood supply of the pancreas come from? (Aa) |
|
Definition
| crainial pancreaticoduodenal and caudal pancreaticoudoenal A |
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas reicieves blood from the splenic A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pancreativ veins drain to wich V? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the liver is __% of a dogs body wight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lies in the most crainial part of the abdomen against the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the liver? |
|
Definition
| adapting to the shape of neighboring organs |
|
|
Term
| in the carnivore liver, there are how many lobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the gall bladder in carnivores located in relation to the liver? |
|
Definition
| b/t the right medial and quadrate lobes |
|
|
Term
| what is different about a swine liver? |
|
Definition
| there are heavy connective tissue septa present that give it a cobblestone appearance |
|
|
Term
| equine and what other animal do not have gall bladders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what connects the gall bladder to the hepatic ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cystic duct connets the gall bladder to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the morphologic unit of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is where neighboring lobules meet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the bile duct system chain |
|
Definition
| canaliculi-interlobular-hepatic-bile-pancreatic |
|
|
Term
| what consists of branches of the hepatic A, portal V and interlobular ducts and lymphatics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Aa supply the liver with blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what enters the liver and is a union of vessels that drain the digestive tract, pancreas and spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is portal blood detoxed and modified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is all the blood to the liver collected? |
|
Definition
| central veins of the hepatic llobules |
|
|
Term
| 3 divisions of the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the small intestine supports the SI in places. they are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where would an insision be made in the SI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what rverses the course of the duodenum sending it cranial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what marks the juncition b/t the duodenum and jejunum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right lobe of the pancreas is associated with the descending duodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what of the descending duodemum is relatively short and keeps it in place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what attaches the duodenum to the descending colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what represent where bile and pancreatic secretions enter the digestive system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who long is the SI in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jejunal Aa are branches of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| located at the caudal end of the jejunum and the distinction b/t the two segments grossly is arbitrary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what level of lumbar vertebrae does the ieum opun into the ascending colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| junction b/t the ileum and ascending colon that forms a continuous tube with the cecum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the short twisted blind pough at the ileocic jenction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what joins the cucum and the ieumi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| area at the base of the cecum to the right |
|
Definition
| paralumbar fossa (right flank) |
|
|
Term
| wher the ileum joins the base of the cecum in a horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opening from the cecum to the colon in horses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| four external muscluar bands of the cecum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the colon is suspended by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascending, transverse and descending |
|
|
Term
| longest part of the colon in small animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the colon that runs right to left b/t the stomach cranially and the SI and cranial mesenteric A caudally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the colon taht is on the left of the animal b4 becoming medial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the colon that continues on as the rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from the cecum, the first segment of the large intestin in the horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the right ventral colon crosses to the left where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the right ventral colon crosses to the left at the sternal flexure and continues caudally as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the caudal part of the abdominal cavity, the LI of the horse makes a turn and continues as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is common place for fecal impactions in the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left dorsal colon crosses the the right side where to become right dorsal colon in the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscular band found on the cecum and colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the cecum have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the right and left descending colons each have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the pelvic flexure have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the left dorsal colon have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the right dorsal colon have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the transverse colon have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many taenia coli does the small colon have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 function of taenia coli |
|
Definition
1.machanical support
2.mantian orientation
3.allow distension and contraction |
|
|
Term
| what do taenia coli produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F the ascending colon of the horse is connected by the mesoascendicolie |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| counter clockwise gyri/coils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| centeripetal gyri lead into a central flexure where what happens? |
|
Definition
| swith to centrifugal gyri |
|
|
Term
| t/f in small animals the ascending colon is the largest section of the colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are responsible for forming fecal balls in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located at the abdominopelvic boundary dorsal to the repro organs and urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the terminal part of the rectum is termed what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the short passage ot the exterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mesothelium or simple swquamous epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| covers the organs of the digestive system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lines the abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suspended portion so fhte digestive tract from the dorsal body wall and are named for the organ suspended |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mesentery connecting the stomach to various organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organs located b/t the posterior parietal periotoneum and the posterior abdominal wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of circulation is to the digestive system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the digestive system is innervated by fibers of what Nn? |
|
Definition
| sypathetic and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| Sympahtetic nervous sytem enhanses/inhibits digestive functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parasypathetic nervous sytem enhanses/inhibits digestive functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two plexus in the entric digestive nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meissner's/auerbach plexus is located in the submucosal layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meissner's/auerbach plexus has both sensory and moter nerurons as well as both SNS and PSNS fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meissner's/auerbach plexus controls gland activity and smooth muscle contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meissner's/auerbach plexus is located b/t the two smooth muscle layers and is aka myenteric plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meissner's/auerbach plexus functions to control the frquency and strngth of GI tract motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meissner's/auerbach plexus controls peristalisis and segmentation patterns of contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 tunicas of the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
| mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa, adventitia |
|
|
Term
| the inner tunica ______ with an epithelium that varies from a stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium plus CT and somme smooth muscle fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tunica ______ containing blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue and glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tunica _______ that in esophagus has a variable amount of striated muscle that is species specific and consists of two layers of smooth muscle in the rest of the system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tunica _____ if the organs are within a body cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tunica ______ if located in the mediastium or outside the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| horses and rabbits are _____gut fermenters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the space b/t the lips or beak and the pharynx with the cheeks as lateral moundaries (buccal cavity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the recess b/t the lips and cheeks and b/t the gums and teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the area encompassing the teeth and gums and is occupied primarily by the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is after the oral cavity ends at the base of the toungue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the incisive, maxillary and palatine bones make up what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transverse ridges on the thick mucosa covering the hard palater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the entrance to the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what M to the lips cover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscular organ covered by mucosa within the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tounge contains bundles of what kind of M fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three functions of the tounge |
|
Definition
1. grip
2. mix
3. aid to swallow |
|
|
Term
| ______ Mm allow the tounge to change shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ Mm attach to the soft palate and bones of the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a fold of tissue that attaches the toungue to the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hair shaped projections that give the tounge a degree of roughness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F filiform papillae are the things that contain the taste buds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F fungiform papillae are the things that contain the taste buds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Foliate papillae are what-shaped with taste function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the largest papillae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which taste bud papillae are located under the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what papillae are special to ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth are located technically where? (think lungs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is on the mandibles and the other on the maxillae where domestic animals have teeth arranged in two of these (think games) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth have varous forms of teeth specialized for different functions is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a gap b/t the front teeth and the cheek teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things that have two sets of teeth throughout life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when teeth have emerged above the gum line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the occlusal surfaces contact teeth are said to be "_________"in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the tooth located in the socket |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| technical term for socket |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| root is attached to the bone by what? |
|
Definition
| periodontium, periodontal membrane |
|
|
Term
| joint the periodontal membrane creates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| visible part of the tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part that separates the root from the crown |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| theeth have a neck and short crown |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type teeth are seen in a dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth with a high crown and no apparent neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| herbivores and cheek teeth of horses are what type teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mineralized substance that constitues the majority of the tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fills the pulp cavity and contains nerves, blood vessels and CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of superficial to the dentin and is the hardest substance in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enamal produces prominent foolds on the occlusal surface of hypsodont teeth called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a thin layer of bonelike material on the surface of the tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incisors are used for what? |
|
Definition
| grasping food and weapons |
|
|
Term
| cats in particular use thier incisors for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after the insisors are what teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F mare's canines are more developed than stallions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tusks in pigs are which teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premolars "p" and molars "m" |
|
|
Term
| which P and M in cats and dogs are for shearing or carnassial teeth? |
|
Definition
| fourth upper P and first lower M |
|
|
Term
| the first P in horses is termed what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3 (42 teeth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I 3/3 C1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1 (30 teeth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I 0/4 C 0/0 P 3/3 M 3/3 (28) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3-4/3 M 3/3 (40-42) |
|
|
Term
| upper right arcade are numbered in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left upper arcade is numbered what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left lower arcade is numbered what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| right lower arcade is numbered what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three secondary functions of the respriratory system |
|
Definition
1. pH regulation
2. body temp reg
3. vocaliazation |
|
|
Term
| the external opeing aka as nostrals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inspited air is warmed and humidified in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's is the groove in the nose of doge, cats and small ruminants but isnt in the ox, horse and pig |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hairless and mast rostral part of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planum nasale, nosolabialis, rostrale |
|
|
Term
| dog, cat and small ruminants have a planum _____ nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cows have a planum _____ nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pigs have a planum _____ nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| horses have a planum _____ nose |
|
Definition
| they dont hahahahahaaaaah |
|
|
Term
| nasal scroll which are covered by a mucous membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which conchae are the major ones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ethmoidal conchae is covered by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the portion of the pharynx caudal to the nasal cavity and is odrsal to the soft palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the pharynx that is caudal to the oral cavity "back of the throat" and is ventral to the soft palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most caudal portion of the pharynx and is the area from the epiglottis to the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arches at the junction of the nasopharynx and laryngopharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which arch is at the root of the tongue and represent the division b/t the oropharynx and the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does a stomach tube have to be routed through the nose in a horse? |
|
Definition
| they cannot breath through the mouth |
|
|
Term
| what tube connects the middle ear with the pharynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stabilized air pressure on both sides of the eardrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in horses the teminal part of the eustachian tube is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the gutteral pouch is thought to be involved with waht? |
|
Definition
| cooling blood going to the brain |
|
|
Term
| what are the two primary functions of the larynx? |
|
Definition
1. airway size
2. prevent aspiration |
|
|
Term
| what 5 cartilages are in the larynx? |
|
Definition
| epiglottic, 2 arytenoid, thyroid and cricoid |
|
|
Term
| during swallowing, what closes the laryngeal opening ot prevent aspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the biggest part of the larynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what has a broad dorsal part and anrrow ventral part and articulates with the thyroid and first tracheal ring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Nn innervate the laryngeal Mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smooth M that controls the diameter of the trachea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what connets the cartilae rings of the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three thorax boundaries? |
|
Definition
1. T vertebra
2. sternum
3. ribs |
|
|
Term
| the first pair of ribs, first T vertebra and first sternebra make up what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what defines the lobes of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the crdiac notch is mor pronounced in the left/right lung |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what enters the lung at its hilus? |
|
Definition
| bronchi, blood vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| the left lung has how many lobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the right lung generally has how many lobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the thracic cavity is lined by serosa termed what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 divisons of the pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| space b/t the parietal and visceral pleurae containing some fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located on the midline in the thoracic cavity and is formed by the junction of the pleurae from both sides of the thorax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a pleaur fold containing the right phrenic N and caudal vena cava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Aa supply the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the horse, a median niche at the caudodorsal angle of the naso pharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in swine, an opeing into the dorsal wall of the pharynx near the origin of the esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tonsils located in a pocket within the soft palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ruminant soft palate has a deep cleft called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the palatine tonsils are not found in what animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tonsils located in the base of the tounge |
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Definition
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Term
| tonsils located in the submucosa of the dorsal pharyngeal wall |
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Definition
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Term
| collapsible muscular tube that lies mostly dorsal and to the left side of the trachea |
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Definition
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Term
| M that functions to keep the cranial end of the esophagus closed except during swallowing |
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Definition
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Term
| what nerve innervates the esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 functions of the stomach |
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Definition
1.store food
2. breakdown food-mechanically
3.breakdown food-chemically
4. microbial digestion in ruminants |
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Term
| area around the junction of the esophagus and stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| the fundus forms a enlarged blind sac in horses called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the non-glandular structue has a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and is separated from the glandular part of the stomach by a distinct ridge called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| swine have an outpocket of the fundus called what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| region locted to the right of center and leads to the duodenum |
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Definition
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Term
| the inititial and wider region of the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| the potion of the stomach that narrows and is between the pyloric antrum and the pylorus |
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Definition
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Term
| the actual sphincter of the stomach that leads into the duodemnum |
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Definition
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Term
| in rumnants and swine there is a muscular enlargement at the pylorus with no function known as waht |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what Nn innervate the stomach? |
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Definition
| thoracic splanchnic and vagus |
|
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Term
| what A supplies the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| the capacity of a dog stomach is ___ L |
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Definition
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Term
| the divisions of the rumen separated by muscular bands |
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Definition
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Term
| the region of the two heavily muscular folds that form a groove that extends from the cardia to the omasum is called what |
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Definition
| sulcus ruminorteticularis; reticular groove |
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Term
| cranioventral part of the forestomach |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| honey comb type ruminant stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| third part of the forestomach |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what shape is the omasum? |
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Definition
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Term
| which stomach as leaflike folds or muscular laminae? |
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Definition
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Term
| which stomach squeezes liquid out of ingesta? |
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Definition
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Term
| folds of mucosa at the junction of hte komasum and abomasum thaat act as a valve b/t the two organs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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