Term
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Definition
| the sphere of organized, nongovernmental nonviolent activity by groups larger than individual farmers or firms |
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Term
| Comparative method (most similar systems, most different systems) |
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Definition
| The system in which scholars try to mimic labaratoy conditions by careful selection of cases. MSS |
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Term
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Definition
| subfield of political science, primary focus is on comparing power and decision making across countries |
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Term
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Definition
| a regime in which citizens have basic rights of open association and expression and the ability to change the government through some sort of electoral process |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that all societies are ruled by a small group that has effective control over virtually all power |
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Term
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Definition
| an argument explaining what actually occurs, empirical theorists first notice and describe a pattern and then attempt to explain what caused it |
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Term
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Definition
| There are 3. Get the group to do something it wouldn’t normally do, keep them doing it, get people to believe what you want them to believe |
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Term
| Historical institutionalism |
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Definition
| institutions explain political behavior and shape individuals political preferences and their perceptions of their self interests and that institutions evolve historically in particular countries and evolve slowly |
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Term
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Definition
| economic structure largely determine political behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The transformation of poor agrarian societies into wealthy industrial societies usually seen as the process by which postcolonial societies become more like the West |
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Term
| Patron-client relationships |
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Definition
| top leaders (patrons) mobilize political support by providing resources to their followers (clients)in exchange for political loyalty |
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Term
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Definition
| who has power that argues that society is divided into carious political groups and that power is dispersed among these groups so that no group has complete or permanent power |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of widely held attitudes, values, beliefs and symbols about politics |
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Term
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Definition
| The processes through which modern nations and states arise and how political institutions and regimes eveolve |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the interaction between political and economic phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic set of beliefs about how a political system ought to be structured |
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Definition
| a set of rules, norms or standards operating procedures that is widely recognized and accepted by society and that structures and constrains political actions |
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Definition
| people who move on from economic issues to quality of life issues |
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Definition
| sees culture not as sets of fixed and clearly defined values but rather as sets of symbols subject to interpretation |
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Definition
| explanations of political behavior based on psychological analysis of political actors motives |
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Definition
| explanation of political behavior that assumes that individuals are rational beings who bring to the political arena a set of self-defined preferences and adequate knowledge and ability to pursue those preferences |
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Term
| Rational choice institutionalists |
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Definition
| follow the assumptions of rational choice and argue that institutions are the products of the interactions and bargaining of rational actors |
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Definition
| an abstract argument that provides a systematic explanation of some phenomena |
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Definition
| sovereignty relative to outside powers that is legally recognized in international law |
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Definition
| a state that is so weak that is loses effective sovereignty over part or all of its territory |
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Definition
| the sole authority within a territory capable of making and enforcing laws and policies (necessary for a modern state) |
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Definition
| the recognized right to rule |
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Definition
| agreement of European powers in 1648 the codified the idea of states as equals the recognized each other’s external and internal sovereignty within specified territories and that were prepared to fefend that sov. And their interests via diplomacy if possible or in way |
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Definition
| occurs when a state relies on a key resource for almost all of its revenue allowing it to ignore its citizens and results in a weak state |
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Definition
| a set of ongoing institutions that develops and administers laws and generates and implements public policies in a specific territory |
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Definition
| state that cannot provide adequate political goods to its population |
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Definition
| state that provides to its population |
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Term
| Bureaucratic-authoritarian regime |
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Definition
| a regime characterized by institutionalized rule under a military government with a primary goal of economic development |
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Definition
| a member of a political community or state with certain rights and duties |
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Definition
| the first of th marshalls rights of citizen ship |
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Definition
| interest group system in which one organization represents each sector of society originally from the catholic belief in society as an organic whole |
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Definition
| military takeover of the government. |
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Definition
| the organization of a ruling party primarily in communist regimes in which lower organs of a party and state vote on issues and individuals to represent them at a higher level. Lenin. |
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Term
| Dictatorship of the proletariat |
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Definition
| the first stage of communism in Marxist thought, characterized by absolute rule of the workers as a class over all other classes |
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Definition
| political system in which opposition parties are legal and elections take place, but full civil and political rights of liberal democracy are not secure |
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Definition
| the assumption that material forces are the prime movers of history and politics |
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Definition
| a belief that Islamic law can and should provide the basis for government in Muslim communities with little equivocation or promise |
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Definition
| derived from the Arabic word for struggle, an important concept of islam. Quran says that there are three kinds of jihad internal struggle to live faithfully, struggle to resist evil and right injustice, and struggle to protect the muslim community |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 key guarantees freedom of association, freedom of expression, the right to vote, eligibility for public office, compete for support, alternative sources of information, free and fair elections, and institutions that make government policies depend on votes and other forms of citizen preferences |
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Definition
| military officers control power |
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Definition
| virulent nationalism, often defined on a cultural or religious basis and opposed to immigrants as threats to national identity |
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Definition
| a single party gains pwer and eliminates all opposition in the name of development and national unity |
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Term
| Parliamentary sovereignty |
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Definition
| parliament is supreme in all matters |
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Definition
| a central leader comes to dominate the state |
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Definition
| the chief decision making organ in the communist party (China) |
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Definition
| T.H marshalls second right, active political participation right to association, expressions, voting and running for office |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of fundamental rules and institutions that govern political activity |
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Term
| Semi-authoritarian regime |
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Definition
| some open political debate exist and elections are held to select the executive and legislative brances but in which the ruling party controls electoral outcomes and the regime cannot be considered democratic in any sense |
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Definition
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Definition
| legitimate governments are formed when free and independent individuals join in a contract to permit representatives to govern over them in their common interests |
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Term
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Definition
| combines liberal democracy wutg nuch greater provision of social rights of citizenship and typically greater public control of the economy |
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Term
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Definition
| rights to basic well being and socioeconomic equality |
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Term
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Definition
| a claim to rule based on knowledge or expertise |
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Definition
| rule be religious authorities |
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Term
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Definition
| a regime that controls virtually all aspects of society and eliminates all vestigues of civil society (Stalin, and Soviet Union, Hitler) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lenin’s concept of a small party that claims legitimacy to rule based on its understanding of Marxist theory and its ability to prepresnt the interest of the proletariat before they are a majority of the populace |
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Term
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Definition
| ability and right of a minority group to partially govern itself within a larger state |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of national unity and purpose based on a set of commonly held political beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| ease communal tensions via the principles of recognizing the existence of specific groups and granting some share of power in the central government to each |
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Term
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Definition
| identity-group formation that argue identities are created through a complex process usually referred to as a social construction |
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Term
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Definition
| national unity based on a common cultural characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people who see themselves as united by one or more cultural attributes of a sense of common history but do not see themselves as a nation |
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Term
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Definition
| rational and self interested elites manipulate symbols and feelings of identity to mobilize a political following |
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Term
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Definition
| a group that proclaims itself a nation and has or seeks control of the state |
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Term
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Definition
| the desire to be a nation and thus to control a national state |
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Term
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Definition
| identity groups are natural, or god given, and are able to be defined by criteria like kinship, language, culture, or phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| a people who sees itseld as a group based primarily on one or more perceived common physical characteristic or common history |
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Term
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Definition
| a group is not getting its share of something of value relative to others in the society or relative to expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which two or more groups do not trust each other, fear one another and do not believe that institutional constraints will protect them |
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Term
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Definition
| process through which societies collectively construct identities as a wide array of actors continually discusses the questions of who we are |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of a market economy with private property rights |
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Term
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Definition
| in Germany unions are represented on the supervisory boards of all firms of more than 2000 employees |
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Term
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Definition
| an economic system in which more prices, properties, and production are directly controlled by the state |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| government spending exceeds what is collected in revenue |
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Term
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Definition
| a state that seeks to create a national strength by taking an active and conscious role in the development of specific sectors of the economy |
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Term
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Definition
| a cost or benefit that isn’t fully included in the price of a final market transaction |
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Term
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Definition
| a rapid increase in the flow of cultural symbols, political ideas and movements economic activity tech and communications around the globe |
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Term
| Import substitution industrialization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| government moves in a boom and bust cycle of capitalism via active fiscal policy including deficit spending |
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Term
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Definition
| an economic system in which individuals and firms exchange goods and services in a largely unfettered manner |
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Term
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Definition
| only monetary theory can only effect economic well being rejects keynes |
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Term
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Definition
| structural adjustment programs the developing countries should impose and open themselves to global trade |
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Term
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Definition
| those goods that will not be provided by the market because costs are too high and the benefits to small |
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Term
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Definition
| highly productive economy with an extensive and generous welfare state and unusually active involvements of both business and labor associations in setting and implementing economic policy |
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Term
| Structural adjustment programs |
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Definition
| development programs developed by the world bank based on neo-liberalism. Not very effective. |
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Term
| Federalism (asymmetrical, symmetrical) |
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Definition
| Sym division of constitutionally assigned power to national and subnational governments will all the subnational govts having the same relationship with and rights in relation with the natl govt ASY |
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Term
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Definition
| government in a parliamentary sytem in which at least two parties negotiate an agreement in rule together |
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Term
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Definition
| judges may only follow the law as written, interpreting as little as necessary to fir the case, past decisions are irrelevant in contrast to common law |
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Term
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Definition
| judges base decision not only their understanding of the written law but also on their understanding of past court cases |
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Term
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Definition
| sharing of power between a president and a prime minister from different parties in a semi-presidential system |
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Term
| Collective responsibility |
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Definition
| all cabinet members must publically support all govt decisions in parliamentary system |
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Term
| Consensus vs. majoritarian democracy |
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Definition
| Conmultiparty systems in a collective govt exec legislative balance and a bicameral legislature and a rigid constitution but not necessarily amended Maj concentrates power in a single part executive and a constitution that can be easily amended |
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Term
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Definition
| partial decentralization of power from central government to subunits such as states or provinces with subunits power being dependant on central government and reversible |
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Term
| Horizontal vs. vertical accountability |
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Definition
| Hor the ability of the state institutions to hold one another accountable ver individual and groups in a society hold state institutions accountable. |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief and ability of judges to decide cases as they think appropriate, regardless of what other people desire |
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Term
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Definition
| a term for parliamentary system of democracy |
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Term
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Definition
| a term for president system of democracy |
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Term
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Definition
| power is split between a president and a prime minister |
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Term
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Definition
| a superior hires someone to do something but the self interests of that someone do not align with the hirer and there is a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| gaining an advantage without putting in the work |
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Term
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Definition
| “let the decision stand” common law |
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Term
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Definition
| political systems in which the central gov’t has sole constitutional sovereignty and power |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual or collective actor whose agreement is essential for any policy change |
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Term
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Definition
| parliament voting to remove a government from power |
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Term
|
Definition
| the sphere of organized, nongovernmental nonviolent activity by groups larger than individual farmers or firms |
|
|
Term
| Comparative method (most similar systems, most different systems) |
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Definition
| The system in which scholars try to mimic labaratoy conditions by careful selection of cases. MSS: Alike in a number of ways nut different on a key question MDS: Different but similar in terms of a political process or outcome |
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Term
|
Definition
| subfield of political science, primary focus is on comparing power and decision making across countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a regime in which citizens have basic rights of open association and expression and the ability to change the government through some sort of electoral process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory that all societies are ruled by a small group that has effective control over virtually all power; contrast to pluralist theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an argument explaining what actually occurs, empirical theorists first notice and describe a pattern and then attempt to explain what caused it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There are 3. Get the group to do something it wouldn’t normally do, keep them doing it, get people to believe what you want them to believe |
|
|
Term
| Historical institutionalism |
|
Definition
| institutions explain political behavior and shape individuals political preferences and their perceptions of their self interests and that institutions evolve historically in particular countries and evolve slowly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic structure largely determine political behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : The transformation of poor agrarian societies into wealthy industrial societies usually seen as the process by which postcolonial societies become more like the West |
|
|
Term
| Patron-client relationships |
|
Definition
| top leaders (patrons) mobilize political support by providing resources to their followers (clients)in exchange for political loyalty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who has power that argues that society is divided into carious political groups and that power is dispersed among these groups so that no group has complete or permanent power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of widely held attitudes, values, beliefs and symbols about politics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The processes through which modern nations and states arise and how political institutions and regimes eveolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the interaction between political and economic phenomena |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of beliefs about how a political system ought to be structured |
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