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Definition
| ability to carry out an experiment physicly & not only in your head(intelactualy) |
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Term
"Richness vs. Rigor" debate
Richness |
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Definition
| Detailed discription(knowing full content & deatail is what matters). |
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"Richness vs. Rigor" debate
Rigor |
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Definition
General explanation(abstraction)
quality of the evidence generalize(choosing most importand info.) & strenghs of the logic. |
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Definition
it's an assumption
*used for causal effect experiments
*helps to understand the degree of unsertainty or biases |
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Definition
(the problem of endogeneity)
* we want to be sure that A causes B w/o B causing A
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Definition
reasoning starts from specific observation to general theory
(ex:this is leaf and it's green all leafs are green) |
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Definition
from general principles to specific.
general idea or assumptions→ theories→ observations, then observations measured against prodictions
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Term
| Selection or Searching along the dependent variable |
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Definition
| is a variable being effected/ influenced |
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Term
| J.S. Mill's Method of Agreement |
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Definition
share cause & outcome, but in everything else they are different from each other http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/sci/mill.php
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Term
| J.S. Mill's Method of Difference |
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Definition
all the same in causes but outcome is different
http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/sci/mill.php |
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Term
| Post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy |
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Definition
| A occurs before B, therefore A is the cause of B |
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Term
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Definition
A & B regurlarly occur together, therefore A is the cause of B
(ex: severe illness(A) is occur together with deperssion and anger(B), thus the cause of A is B)
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Term
| Appeal to authority fallacy |
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Definition
-Person A is (claimed to be) an authority on subject S
-Person A makes claim C about subject S
-therefore, C is true
(ex:Jenny said she got 100% on the bilology and he says that enzymes are carbohydrates and not amino acid. We believe her since she got 100% on the test.) |
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Term
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Definition
is commited when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position.
*person A has position X
-person B presents position Y
- person B attacks position Y
-therefore X is false/incorrect, because Y is really distorted version of X.
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Definition
1)the organization that maintains a monopoly of force over a given territory
2) a set of political institutions to generate and execute policy regarding freedom and equality. |
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Definition
| the leadership or elite in charge of running the state |
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Definition
| the fundamental rules and norms of politics, embodying long-term goals regarding individual freedom and collective equality, where poer should reside, & the use of that power |
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Definition
| organizations outside of the state that help people define & advance their own interests |
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Term
Democracy
popula definition |
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Definition
"rule by the people"
rule-kratos
by the ppl.-demos |
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Term
Democracy
procedural definition |
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Definition
| Joseph Schumpeter "that institutional arrangment for arriving at political decisions in which individauls acquire the power to dicede by meants ofa competitive struggle for the ppl.'s vote." |
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Definition
| a system of goverment in which rulers are held accountable for their actions in the public realm by citizens, acting indirectly through the competition and cooperation of their elected representatives. |
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Definition
| democracy cannot be guaranteed without the creation and defence(by state) of civil and political rights(other add "social," and human rights |
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Definition
| a value where someone or something is recognized or accepted as right and proper |
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Definition
Max Weber: valid because "it has always been done this way"
accepted over long perion of time
*countinuity between past and present
(ex: monarchy) |
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Term
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Definition
opposite of traditional
* charisma as the force fo ideas
*embodied in a single individual
* weakly institutionalizes
ex: Hitler, Martin Luther King |
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Term
| rational-legal legitimacy |
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Definition
*based on laws, prodcedures
*rules are key-how did someone come into power?
*strongly intitutionalized
ex: George Bush |
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Term
| state building as organized crime |
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Definition
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Definition
| the ability of the state to wield its power independently of the public |
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Definition
| the ability of the state to wield power to carry out basic tasks, such as defending territory, making and enforcing rules,collecting taxes, & managing the economy |
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Definition
| approach that assumes that individuals weigh the costs & benefits and make a choices to maximize their benefits. |
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| the basic norms for political activity in a society |
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The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection |
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Definition
| people having the same rank in a system that differentiates people from high to low |
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| Dialectic approach to history |
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Definition
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| An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate |
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Definition
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Definition
being of the self- employed,property-owning class and exploitive of the working class
- * businessperson: a capitalist who engages in industrial commercial enterprise
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Definition
| is a document in which King John(1215) admintes that he doesn't have absolute power and he is subject to the law. |
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Definition
(1642-1649)
creats parlament |
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