What is a puppy mill and where do they sell their dogs?

large scale commercial breeding operations where profit is given priority over the well-being of the dogs.

They sell to pet stores.

The USDA

*Does not inspect facilities that sell online

Most are in the Midwest.

#1 state Missouri

The AKC does not check its breeders, AKC registration only means that the dogs is "Pure breed" having a mother and fother of the same breed.

Commercial breeding facilites are licensed by the USDA if they sell to pet stores. Officials often let these crimes slide.

1. show adopters thier facilities
2. focus on one or two breeds
3. tell you the good and bad about the breed
4. explain breed goals and how they test for health problems
5. produce only enough animals for demand (have waiting lists)
6. Do not ship their puppies
7. show you at least one other parent or perhaps other relatives
8. gives references upon request
9. Asks you for references
10. want the animal returned to them if there are any problems

1. Illness and disease, parasites, kennel cough, and colds (distemper outbreak in 2012)(15 chicago petstores)
2. fearful behavior (lack of socialization)
3. genetic diseases and disorders
4. inbreeding is a huge problem (giardia which is transmittable to people)

1. mental and emotional trauma
2. Develope external persistent fears and phobias
3. possible learning deficits
4. lower trainability
5. difficulty in copin successfully with normal existence

1. freedom from hunger and thirst
2. freedom from discomfort
3. freedom from pain, injury or disease
4. freedom to express normal behaviors
5. freedom from fear and distress

Animal Hoarding is a psychological condition

1. failure to acknowledge deteriorating conditions of animals and household environment
2. failure to recognize any negative effects the situation has on thier own well being or the well being of other members of the houshold.

1. 100% of animal hoarders were judged as living in unsanitary conditions, compaired to 81% of possession hoarders
2. zoonotic diseases
3. feces and urine build up
4. insect and rodent infestations
5. oder
6. ammonia 

• Make themselve out to be an animal resuce

characteristics

1. unwillingness to let visitors see where animals are kept
2. unwillingness to say how many animals are present
3. little effort made to actually adopt animals
4. desire to reciece animals at a remote location rather than on-site
5. claims of being able to provide lifetime care for animals with special needs (not always a sign)

• No true EASY explanation
• similar to object hoarders but with emotional attachments are intensified (hypersensitivity, relationships similar to human-human with animals) 
• Many different models used to explain
• (Delusiion, dementia, addiction, zoophilia, attatchment, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) )

upper respritory infections and

• Food (milk and meat)
• transportation (riding)
• War (Pony Express speed up mail delivery)
• Pleasure
• Sporting
• agriculture (farming and Ranching)

Every state

(around 200,000 horses in IL)

• Forage
• Friends (one stallion and multiple mares and foals)
• Freedom (constant movement needed to maintain health, required for feeding)
• Fluids (not from plants)

Anyone

• English or History (journalism, advertising, pedigree researcher)
• Math and computers (Accountant, auditor, database manager)
• Science (Veterinarian, nutritionist, geneticist, lab technictian)
• Art (photograher, graphic designer)

*The number of unwanted horses in the U.S. climbe to 166,000 in 2012

sent to Mexico for slaughter

• Send to a horse shelter
• donate/gift the horse

Animals other than cats or dogs, they are not domestic, have not been breed in captivity for many generations and are frequently danderous.

Some may have been raised by humans and may be "tame" but they are still often unpredictable (and wild).

• snakes
• reptiles
• frogs
• turtles
• lions, tigers, monkeys, sugar gliders
• prair dogs, hedgehogs
• MOST COMMON BIRDS

• The pet trade both wild caught and captive bred
• Wild = animal trafficing
• Captive = zoos, ciruses, public animal attractions (these facilities often sell older animsl or trade out adults for breeding
• Captive = breeders (often compairable to puppy mills)

• Saftey risk (Kansas City Missouri 2010) (Zaneville Ohio 2011)
• Zoonotic diseases (specifically rabies)
• Specialized needs

Vary by state, even from city to city

often minimal

Animal welfare rarely the cause

•  Convention on international trade in Endangered species of Flora and Fauna
• Wild bird conservation Act
• U.S. captive and Wild Animal Safety Act

• Appendix I - prohibits trade of species threatened with extinction
• Appendix II - Through a species is not at an immediate risk of extinction, it may become so and as such a country must justify managment practices before trade can be approved
• Appendix III - Species are listed at the reuest of a country for cooperation with other countries to prevent risk of local extinction.

• Enacted on Oct. 23, 1992
• Ensure that exotic bird species are not harmed by international trade
• Limits the species that can be imported to the U.S.

• Passed 2003
• rules for enforcement not in place till 2007
• Bans the sale or transport of big cats across state lines

• "dangerous animal" - mmeans a lion, tiger, ocelot, jaguar, cheetah, margay, mounton lion, lynx, bobcat, jaguarundi, bear, hyena, wolf or coyote, or any poisonous, or life-threatening reptile.

interesting because poisonous refers to eating, the correct term would be venomouse.

• no person shall keep, any dangerous animal or primate except at a properly maintained zoologial park, federally licensed exhibit...etc.
• This section does not prohibit a person who had lawful possesion of a primate before Jan 1, 2011 so lang as it is properly registered

• Street fighters
• Hobbyists
• professionals

bull baiting in 1835 in England and Ireland

(bull dogs coined)

(larger bull baiting dogs crossed with smaller terriers to make more agile in the pit "pit bulls")

• Newest form
• informal (stripped of rules or formality associated with other levels of dogfighting)
• Least amount of care for animals
• dogs often starved or beaten
• gang activities
• no care for dogs after fighting

• Rules and organized
• entertainment or some supplimental income
• dogs recieve some care and have breeding standards
• dogs transported across state lines

• Large numbers of dogs owned (50)
• money for breeding, fighting annd selling
• imphasis on breed winning blood lines
• animals that dont fight to standards are often culled

The Animal Welfare Act

• illegal to exhibit, transport, buy, sell, etc, a fighting animal that has been transported across state lines

Animal fighting Spectator Prohibition Act

• effort to make attending a dog fight a federal crime (Not Yet Passed)

• Charged at both the federal and state levels (2007)

transporting dogs across state lines

• sentenced to 23 months in federal prison
• 49 dogs seized
• Judge ruled the dogs should be evaluated for adoption (first time this ever happened)

almost all the dogs were placed or put into a sanctuary

A pit bull who was an American War hero during World War I in Irland and England

• Earned Puple Heart

• detected gas

• human agressive are hard to handle and not used in the pit because the handler must be able to separate these dogs when the fight is called.
• Dog agressive are dogs that show agression toward other dogs but not their handler, these are the prized dogs in pits.

• fights that determins how much pain, suffering, eshaustion, a dog will take before it gives up.

conditioning comes after gameness is determined

Italy mofia

Most of the other countires take dogs from the U.S.

It is illegal in Mexico, Japan

Little Black Dog = euthinized

Owner = mistemener in animal cruelty

6 months unsupervised probation

(not a true breed)

A "Pit Bull" is a generic term used to describe one of the following three breeds, mixes of those breeds, or dogs that have common visual characteristics of these breeds

1. Staffordshire BullTterrier
2. American Staffordshire Terrier
3. American Pit Bull Terrier

• Owners did not spay/neuter thier dogs (97%)

unneutered males, mothers with puppies, mating pairs

• were reckless owners (84%)

(chained dogs, roaming dogs, neglected or abused, allowed children to play with unfamiliar dogs unsupervised.

• were resident dogs (78%)

Dogs whose owners maintain them exclusively on chains, in kennls, or in yard: and/ or obtain them for negative functions (guarding, fighting, protection, irresponsible breeding)

isolated from regular, positive human interactions

not family dogs also do not act as thus

neglect dogs with training and health care

• locking jaws
• 1000s of pounds of biting pressure (actual 200-450 psi)
• most have bad temperaments
• intolerant to pain
• only owned by thugs
• Dogs from fighting operatons are too dangerous and must be euthanized

Before

• more focus on function of dog not breed
• positive and negative stores of breeds reported
• circumstances behind attacks reported
• blame put on owner and those involved

now

• Focus simply on breed-blame on Dog
• only negative fear including stories
• missing details
• sensationism

Legislation that bands certain dog breeds

It is not effective: does not work in controlling the number of severe or fatal dog attacks (dogs cannot be predicted by breed alone)

DNA tests on dogs to determine breed

(87.5% of dogs in animal shelters are classified as the wrong breed)

most bite reports and dogs confiscated are based on visual ids

activities

• same activity for many
• meet and greet, visitation, petting
• entertainment
• educational

Therapy

• tailored to individual client
• goal directed activity
• animal is integral
• docuented
• led by health/human service professional
• measures progresss

Activities

• reading to the dogs
• hospital/nursing home visit

Therapy

• speech, physical, occupational, recreational threpys
• councelling

• The animal is a family pet living in the home of the handler
• dogs must be at least one year old and owned for at least six months
• Pet partners are paid for thier work
• the animal and handler test as a team
• both are evaluated on skills and aptitued tests but only the handler has to take the written exam
• Dogs must be predictable, calm, obedient, trusting and responsive to a variety of people.

People will preform tasks that they are generally hesitant to perform without thinking about it. Such a patients wth shoulder or arm injuries throwing a ball for the dog to fetch.

• client's interactions withh the dog focuses on effort
• kefferent aspects of the same activity are highlighted depending on the client's needs
• Targeted exercises are "hidden" behind an enjoyable activity.

It is to their pet

• know the pet's preferences and stress tolerance
• accept work only with clients that fit in the range of the pet's preferences and stress tolerance
• be alert to the affect the therapy sesson is having on the dog
• Remove the dog from the session if needed

The staff of the therapy organization sets the agenda and facilitates the session

The volunteer handler provide encouragment, training, and guidance as the client, learns to work with the dogto meet their therapy goals.

Any event that overwhelms an area and its existing resources that are needed to respond to the event.

• Hurricane
• Earthquake
• fires
• tornado
• hazardous materials
• nuclear emergancey
• etc

• People may not evacuate or may evacuate at the last minute
• Animals can complicate an emergancy situation (disease outbreaks, public saftey)
• people trying to rescue thier pets before it is safe to come back to an area.

Hurricane Katrina

they did not want to leave their pets behind

Passed after Katrina.

Requires states seeking Federal Emergency Managment Agency (FEMA) assistance to accomodate pets and sercice animals in a evacuation plan.

Started seeing impacts during Isaac and Sandy

Rescues were on hold...no more room for animals and only the most critical cases could be brought into the facility.

food and water would have to be taken to the animals and left in the homes.

What situation caused officials to decide to seal off the city?

What was the effect?

Hurrican Rita was going to hit.

"Operation Puppy Love" was brought about as a last attempt to rescue animals from the city.

(soldiers and rescuers worked together to rescue pets)

Rabies

also emerging zoonotics

West Nile Virus

Avian Influenza

Plague

Cases of domestic caused rabies have gone down

Cases of wild caused rabies have gone up

The overall trend of rabies cases have gone up

We are not seeing more rabies we are just seeing it more because we are coming into contact with wildlife more often

Wild animals are the principle vectors.

• companion animal rabies is less due to mandatory rabies vaccination laws.

• Wild animla rabies is more common because of encroachment on wild animals.

Veterinarians work to stop epidemics caused by zoonosis, since they can often see this before anyone else in the health industry.

9 out of 10 of the top bioterrist agents are zoonotics the exception is small pox

Protection and improvment of the health of entire populations through community-wide action, primarily by governmental agencies

the goal of public heath are to prevent human diseas, injury and disability; protect people from environmental heath hazards; promote behaviors that lead to good physical and mental health; educate the public about health; and assure availability of high-quality health services.

• Traditional: focus is on the health of the individual animal

• Shelter Medicine: focus is on the health of the population of animals in the facility.

• A-Frame (dog walk)
• Teeter-totter (see-saw)
• Tunnels
• Jumps/Hurdles including (tire or loop jump)
• Pause table/box
• Weave poles

• Conformation (shows)

judged on breed standards

• Competiotions

provide an outlet for innate behaviors

connection with pets

• dog shows
• cat shows

• agility
• earthdog trial
• flyball
• disc dog
• dock diving
• field trials
• canine freestyle
• obedience training
• sheepdog/herding trials
• tracking trials
• weight pulling
• cat agility
• etc

• grehound racing
• sled dog racing
• hunting

Earth dog trials are trials where dogs have to find their prey through underground mazes.

consists of four levels

1. Quarry (1 right angle turn, 10ft tunnel)
2. Junior (30ft tunnel, 3 right angles, 30seconds)
3. Senior (30ft tunnel, 3 right angles, false scent/exits, 90seconds)
4. Master(find entrance, tunnels with barries, complete with another dog)

"The last great race on earth"

celebrating Alaska's history

route from coast to mining camps and teritories

(mail, food, medicine, supplies)

1200 mile race

rules

dogs must wear booties

vet examine dogs at each 20 checkpoints

rest times are enforced