Animals staying in the company of humans or providing company to humans

• pleasure rather than utility
• receive personal attention
• primary benefits are non-commercial
• know as "pets"

• Reduces stress
• Exercise, play and laughter
• Decreases loneliness
• Stimulus for social interaction
• Enhances self-esteem
• Lower blood pressure, reduces risk of hear disease
• Reduces anxiety and depression
• etc....

In Egypt Cats were...

honored and revered, Gods with catlike appearance, protected by laws, and in religious rituals

In the Middle Ages Cats were...

Tied in with witches, considered evil, burned alive

this caused the bobonic plague to spread

Dogs=Wolves

Cats=African Wild Cats

Pre-1800's

Hunting, herding, protection...etc.

Early-1800's

Function turns to Form

Owning and breeding was a status symbol

- Dawkins (2009)

artificial shielding from risks that normally shorten lives of wild organisms

- Requirments (Diamond 1999)

• flexable diets
• Reasonably fast growth rate
• Ability to be bred in captivity
• pleasant dispostion
• even temperment
• Modifiable social hierachy
• Physical change (size color etc)

Used to describe an individual animal with a reduced tendency to flee or be defensive around humans

Reduction in aggressive behavior

Key components

• Refers to individual animals
• Retention of Wild Characteristics
• Traits are not passed on to offspring

Human Mediated Domestication

Wolves used as a resource (fur, food, etc)

Self-Domestication

Wolves were scavengers on human refuse

survival advantage for those with reduced fear/agression.

most likely explination

Artificial selection

selecting individuals to breed based on desired characteristics.

Reduction in genetic diversity inceases potential for bad genes (inbreeding)

Science either animal related or non-animal related...

Vet=graduate school at one of 28 AVMA-accredited schools

Vet Technician-(2) year program at AVMA-accredited school

research (education/training)- Masters (MS), +PhD, or just PhD

increasing 2%

added $2.5 billion in 2010

• vet
• vet tech
• Animal Science Research
• Animal Welfare
• Animal Control
• Humane Educator
• Training and Behavior
• Animal-Assisted therapy
• Pet Services

• Ethics and Rights go Beyond Humans

• detect wildlife scat
• carcass detection
• detect invasive plants and pests
• use mostly shelter dogs

• Popularized "speciesm"
• Animal Liberation (animals can suffer)

• waste and water contamination 

Toxxoplasma gondii

Sacroystis neurona (equine encephalitis)

• Litter

Clay based

silica based

plant based

• not killed in sewage processing plant
• causes fatal brain inflammation in sea otters
• Fatal to immunocompromised humans

• Stress/harass wildlife
• Endanger ground dwellers
• Droppings may contaminate water or soil

20% of bacteria from dogs

fecal colirorm

E. coli

cryptosporidium (protozoan)

*cannot be killed by bleach

cats and dogs generate CO2 Emissions

Dogs=596 lbs/year

Cats=517 lbs/year

• Reformism
• preoccupation with pain and suffering
• interest in the order of the natural world

Humans were placed in the same category as nonhuman animals in the linnaean classification.

animals experience pain and emotions

cruel treatment of animals leads to the cruel treatment of humans

people concerned about various social issues (unjust treatment of others)

slavery

child labor

treatment of women

The Expression of the Emotion in Man and Animals 1872

• differences in degree not kind
• animals experience the same emotions and pain we do but they experience it differently

Four Stages of Cruelty (1751)

ideal that cruel treatment of animals would lead to further cruelty to humans.

Member of Parliament

Co-founded SPCA with Arthur Broome (1824)

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

Gainded an "R" for Royal in 1840

• Early involvment in bull baiting

*Henry Bergh*

(1813-1888)

Founded the ASPCA

the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

Secured passage of an anticruelty law; ASPCA granted power to enforce

• Early focus on horses

Passage of the Ill-Treatment of Cattle Act (1822)

stoped bull baiting

Henty Bergh secured passage of an anitcruely law

delt with cruely to horses

Early priorities were investigation and enforcement of anticruelty laws

Financial resources used  for enforcement

1894 took over managing the New York City pound

AHA

(1877)

American Humane Association

First priority=welfare of livestock during transport

Assumed a child protection role

(Red Star Emergancy Services)

Humane Society of the United States

breakaway group of AHA (1954)

Based in Washington DC tackling national issues that local organizations could not take on

Major national influence on animal welfare

The Fund For Animals

(1967)

Founded by author Cleveland Amory (1917-1998)

Merged with HSUS in 2005

originally for wildlife and the fur trade

Cleveland Amory Black Beauty Ranch

(1979)

sanctuary for animals for cruelty situations

Texas, 1300 acres

1400 animals

maintained by HSUS

originated in 1970s and became official nonprofit charity organization in 1991

Sanctuary at Angel Canyon

Utah; 33000

1700 animals

Welfare: Humans should not mistreat animals or cause unnecessary pain or suffering...(pets)

ASPCA, AHA, HSUS

Rights: Animals have rights no matter their use for people or their economic value...(no pets)

PETA

Henry Salt

(1851-1939)

English writer, campaigned for social reform including: schools, prisons, economy, and animal treatment.

First writer to declare animals have Rights

Peter Singer

Wrote Animal Liberation (1975)

a utilitarian

• animal use can be endorced if the benefits of use outweighs the pain and suffering of the animal
• animals pain should be considered in thier use (we share this trait)
• Popularized the term specieoism

Book: The case for Animal Rights (1983)

Moral rights stance

• Animals have a moral right to be treated with respect
• No use of animals can be worthy of violating these rights

Know as one of the best animal activist of the 20th century

"Reintegrative shaming"

• work with corporations for change
• shaming publicly used as a last resort
• Revlon ad to stop creulty to rabbits

coined term "New Welfarism"

• useing improvments in welfare of animals as an intermediate step
• end result total elimination of the use of animals (NO PETS)

example: Animal Liveration Front

Different from rest of the peacful movements because they believe in direct action

Domestic terrorism and property damage

• best way to end animal suffering is through a gradual change to improve conditions for animals
• Usually through change in legislation

• Improving the lives of animals being used for humans is not enough
• Animals should not  be used by humans at all
• (no inbetween step)

• stealing peoples pets and claiming reclaim money when the owners came to get thier animals

• Pennsylvania SPCA
• First humane shelter in the U.S.

provided food and care (vs starving)

Attmpted to adopt out animals

Humane euthanasia chamber created

(gas chamber)

HSUS member

coined "LES is More" theory

Legislation   

Education   

Sterilization

• how many animals were being killed (1960's)
• Why are animals being killed in shelters? (1980's)

5-7 million

50% relinquished

50% strays

3-4 million

60% dogs

70% cats

• take in any and all animals
• euthanize when resources are limited

(kill shelters)

• only take in animals when space is avaible
• can close thier doors
• may be labeled as no-kill shelters

1 in 10 animals

5 out of 10 will change owners before they are 1 year old

• National organizations ONLY provide invaluable RESOURCES

NO connection

NO funding

joint effort between Maddie's Fund and the Humane Society of the United States

Raises awarness of pet adoption

Program which trains shelter dogs to aid individuals with disabilities.

These dogs are trained in womans prisons by the inmates

PTSD

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder