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| Translation from codons to amino acids involves 3 types of RNA, waht are they? |
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Definition
1. mRna each 3 consecutive mRna bases forms a genetic code word(codon) that codes for a particular amino acid
2.rRna ribosomal
3.tRna Transfer RNA |
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| A physical change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
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A T T C G G T T C
T A A G C C A A G |
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| Codon - T A A G C C A A G |
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| Energy is transferred from glucose to more usable molecules of ATP; What are the 3 steps? |
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Definition
1 Glycolysis
2 Krebs Cycle
3 Electron Transport Chain/ Phosphorylation |
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| C6 broken down into 2C3 pyruvate molecules; Net 2 ATP; takes place in mitochondria |
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| Breaks down 2C3 into a single molecule; takes plce in mitochondria; Net 2 ATP |
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| Single C molecule used in generation of ATP, Takes place in mitochondria Net 32-34 ATp |
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| Glucose+Oxygen----Carbon dioxide+ Water +Energy |
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| What is the ATP yield of one glucose molecule? |
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| Process that forms two identical cells from one; used to repair tissue |
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| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase |
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| Chromatin condense into DNA; Nuclearmembrane breaks apart, freeing the chromosomes |
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| Mitotic spindle aligns the chromosomes down the center of the cell |
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| Nuclear membranes assemble around two daughter nuclei; DNA decondenses back into chromatin |
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| distributes cytoplasm and other cell contents; Division of cytoplasm into two cells; formation of daughter cells |
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Term
| What os produced by meiosis? |
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Definition
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| process that shuffles and recombines inherited traits from one geneation to the next |
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| One replication; two divisions; used to create eggs and sperm |
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| Two steps in reduction division |
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| During meiosis diploid is reduced back to a haploid state |
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| Alternate forms of a gene |
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| A trait that masks the other; (A) |
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| Describes the organisms alleles |
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| Describe the outward expression/ appearance of an allele combination |
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| Genes not appearing on the sex chromosome |
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| Genes appearing on the sex chromosome (X and Y) |
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| Genes governing body structure and organization |
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| Base pairs joined by hydrogen bonds? |
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Definition
A always bonds with T
G always bonds with C |
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| Process by which DNA sequence is converted to RNA sequence |
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| Process by which mRNA sequence is tranlated into an amino acid sequence(protein) |
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| binds epithelialto underlying tissues and holds organs in place; under the skin |
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| Dense(fibrous)connective tissue |
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| Dense matrix of collagen;forms tendons |
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| stores fat in closed packed cellsin a sparse matrix of fibers;pads and insulates the body |
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| a rigid connective tissue with a matrix of collagen fibers hardened with deposits of calcium salts this makes bone hard without being brittle |
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| groups of cells that interact providing a specific function |
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| Cells in layers; coats structures with one or more layers of tightly packed cells; covers and lines organs; functions as protetion, absorption & secretion |
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| Examples of organs lined with epithelial tissues are |
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Definition
| Heart, lungs, and stomach, |
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| Widely spaced celss embedded in non- living matrix; provides support, adhesion, insulation, and attachment |
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| Forms rapid communication networks among the cells; Axons, dendrites, & neurons |
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| Powers the movement of life |
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| Integrate and coordinate activities of all organ systems |
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| Detects, interprets and responds to stimuli outside and within the body |
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| Secretes hormones that travel in the blood stream |
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| Support and movement- Musculoskeletal |
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| Interacts enabling us to stand upright and move |
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| Provides framework for muscle attachment, participates in blood formation, protects soft organs, and stores minerals |
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| enables body to move, pumps blood, participates in digestion and breathing |
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| What interacts to provide us with energy |
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Definition
| Respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems |
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| Obtains oxygen and releases carbon dioxide |
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| Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,hormones, and metabolic wastes |
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| breaks down nutrients and eliminates undigested foods |
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| What protects the body in several ways |
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| Integumentary, urinary, and immune systems |
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| Serves as a barrier, covering, helps regulate body temperature, and conserves water |
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| excretes metabolic wastes,maintains volume, and composition of body fluids |
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| Protects body from infection,injury and cancer |
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| keeps things in balance,most actions are of this type |
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| creates major peaks and dips in production of a substance; few actions are of this type |
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| 1 Anterior, distal, dorsal, inferior, medial, posterior, proximal, sagittal, superior, transverse, and ventral |
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| towards the front; eyes are anrerior to the brain |
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| opposite of proximal; farther from the trunk |
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| Midline, closer to the center |
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| closer to the trunk of the body; the elbow is proximal to the wrist |
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| lengthwise cut, longitudinal |
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| horizontal cut; cross section |
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