Term
|
Definition
Group of people that functions collectively
within a defined social structure to address
common concerns or shared goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small and more homogenous group within the community that are self-defined often with reference to its character or inhabitants |
|
|
Term
| What is a Geopolitical Community? |
|
Definition
| is characterized by geographic and jurisdictional boundaries such as a city |
|
|
Term
| What are Communities of identity |
|
Definition
| common identities and interests such as college students |
|
|
Term
What are Aggregate Communities
|
|
Definition
| Subpopulation groups within the community with some common characteristics often related to high risk for specific health issues or diseases. |
|
|
Term
| Healthy communities have common characteristics such as: |
|
Definition
planning outcomes that are action oriented, collaboration with assessed needs, linkage to resources, embracing diversity and managing conflict and safety effectively |
|
|
Term
| Healthy communities enable people to: |
|
Definition
mutually support each other in successfully performing all the functions of life |
|
|
Term
| Who is the clinent of a comunnity nurse |
|
Definition
The community is the primary client not just one individual |
|
|
Term
What Factors can affect the Health of a Community |
|
Definition
Geography, Environment, Community size, Industrial Development, Social Norms, Cultural Influences, Economy, Politics, Religion
|
|
|
Term
| What is the International WHO (World Health Organization) |
|
Definition
| Agency of United Nations (coordinating authority on international public health) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Functions and responsibilities of the WHO |
|
Definition
Assisting governments in strengthening health services
Establishing and maintaining administrative and technical services, such as epidemiological and statistical services
Conducting research
Developing international standards for food, and biological and pharmaceutical products |
|
|
Term
| What is the roll of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
|
Definition
Protects the public health by the regulation, supervision and enforcing standards of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and OTC Pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, blood transfusions, medical devices, cosmetics, veterinary products and devices that emit radiation. |
|
|
Term
What is the roll of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
|
|
Definition
| Promotes health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury and disability and monitoring their occurrence |
|
|
Term
| What is the roll of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and health (OSHA) |
|
Definition
an agency concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people in the work environment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the roll of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
|
Definition
Primary agency of the United States Government responsible for biomedical and health related research to acquire new knowledge to help prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and disability and promoting that information to medical and health sciences facilities. |
|
|
Term
What is the roll of the Social Security Administration (SSA)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What si the roll of the State Health Department |
|
Definition
The official agency that has primary authority in matters related to health and has essential power to make laws and regulations regarding health.
a. Health information
b. Disease/disability prevention
c. Health protection
d. Health promotion
e. Improving health care delivery system |
|
|
Term
The State Health Department is responcible for Regulation, inspection, and licensure this includes: |
|
Definition
Inspect housing, food, milk, and restaurants
License health care facilities
Register health care personnel
Monitor occupational health |
|
|
Term
What Personal health services does the State Health Department provide?
10 |
|
Definition
Nutrition programs for selected populations
Medical and Dental treatment services
School health services
Community health nursing services
Family planning services
Treatment for substance abuse
Services for handicapped persons
Programs for control of chronic diseases
Ambulatory and emergency medical services
Screening for specific diseases
|
|
|
Term
How does the State Health Department provide control of communicable diseases
|
|
Definition
Control rabies
Conduct surveillance and report incidence and prevalence of communicable diseases
Initiate quarantine measures
Diagnose and treat specific communicable diseases (including sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
How does the State Health Department provide Maintenance of environmental health
|
|
Definition
Monitor environmental conditions
Prevent or reduce pollution
Control nuisances (noise, etc.)
Provide for refuse and toxic waste disposal
Control vectors
Monitor and control radiation levels |
|
|
Term
How does the State Health Department provide Laboratory and hospital services
|
|
Definition
License and monitor biological testing laboratories
License and inspect hospital
Provide laboratory services for selected tests
Monitor results of specific laboratory tests (e.g., tests for syphilis) |
|
|
Term
How does the State Health Department provide Health Education
|
|
Definition
Provide public education on health promotion and disease prevention
Provide public education related to secondary and tertiary prevention of selected disorders |
|
|
Term
How does the State Health Department provide Resource planning
|
|
Definition
Assess state health needs
Assess state health resources
Plan health programs to meet state health statistics |
|
|
Term
| How does the State Health Department provide Collection of vital statistics |
|
Definition
Collect vital statistics and health statistics
Summarize and publish state vital statistics
|
|
|
Term
Who over sees U.S. Local Health Agencies (Governmental) |
|
Definition
| Responsibilities are delegated by State Department of Health and by local health ordinances and are dependant upon the needs of local populations, capabilities and resources. |
|
|
Term
What are the typical responsibilities of thr
U.S. Local Health Agencies |
|
Definition
collection of vital statistics (birth and death
certificates), communicable disease control,
immunization program, school health and
health education. |
|
|
Term
What are the key aspects of
Private Health Care (Non-governmental)
|
|
Definition
Diagnosis and treatment of illness, focused on individual
Funding – profit/non-profit
Primary, secondary and tertiary health care services
Complicated health care
Chronic complicated long-term health care
Hospitals, Clinics, Physician and Dental Offices, Rehab Centers, etc |
|
|
Term
What are the key featurs of a U.S. Voluntary Health Agencies (non-governmental) |
|
Definition
Emphasis on research and education
Relies primarily on volunteers and donations
Addresses the needs of special groups (American Heart Assn., etc.) |
|
|
Term
What are the key features of a Folk Health Care System |
|
Definition
Health care provided by people who are not considered health care providers including self-care such as OTC medications, rest, fluids.
Over 70% of illness care is provided in this category |
|
|
Term
What are the key features of a Alternative Health Care System
|
|
Definition
Health Care provided is outside the Scientific Health Care System such as Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Naturopathic, Herbalists, and Shamanism. Many use these systems due to distrust, lack of scientific education, spirituality, economics and access.
Takes into account the religious and social implications of disease
Does not make a definite distinction between mental and physical illness, provides holistic care
Oriented to the community and culture
Takes place in familiar surroundings
Emphasizes familiar and practical information
Is of moderate cost
|
|
|
Term
| What are the key features of a Scientific Health Care System |
|
Definition
Focuses primarily on the personal implications of disease
Makes a definite distinction between mental and physical illness
Oriented to the individual
Takes place in unfamiliar surroundings
Emphasizes abstract concepts
Provides fragmented care
Emphasizes curing
Stresses diagnosis and treatment
Does not emphasize cultural support
Is of high cost |
|
|
Term
What are the key features of Health Care Quackery |
|
Definition
practices that delay treatment and can cause harm.
a type of health fraud that promotes products and services that have questionable and unproven scientific research.
targets the most vulnerable, i.e. those who have lost hope in coping with their health issue, older adults, the health and beauty conscious and those with chronic debilitating diseases that cause pain and suffering.
the primary motive of monetary gain.
they ask the consumer to call them and not their doctor |
|
|
Term
What are the Levels of Scientific Health Care in the U.S. |
|
Definition
Health Promotion – education and health care information
Disease Prevention – immunization (prevent disease, disability and death)
Diagnosis and Treatment – early recognition, early treatment
Rehabilitation – limit incapacities, prevent reoccurrence |
|
|
Term
| what is Downstream treatment? |
|
Definition
“rescuing people from the river”
Short term episodic, individually based interventions (Microscopic)
|
|
|
Term
| what is Upstream treatment? |
|
Definition
“looking upstream to see why people are drowning”
Assessing the cause or precursors to illness
Community if the client
“Greatest good for the greatest number” (Macroscopic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Focus on individual
Child exposed to lead poisoning
|
|
Identification and removal of sources of
Lead in one home
|
|
Removal of child from source of exposure
As quickly as possible
|
|
Chelation treatment using succimer: an
Oral agent that forms a water soluble
Compound with lead allowing urinary
Elimination of excessive amounts of lead in the body
|
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Examining trends in the prevalence of lead poison over time
|
|
Percentage of older homes in area containing lead-based paint surfaces
|
|
Investigate any industrial source of lead emissions
|
|
Mobilize resources to reduce/eliminate sources of lead poisoning in the community to prevent further lead poisoning in children
|
|
|
|
Term
What is Primary Prevention – Public Health Realm |
|
Definition
Prevent problems before they occur – Actions taken prior to the occurrence of health problems (One never knows if what one did was effective) -
Example: Regular exercise to promote health |
|
|
Term
| What is Secondary Prevention – Public Health/Private Health Realm |
|
Definition
Early detection, early intervention including health screenings – Occurs after the health problem exists but early enough to prevent serious consequences (Provides higher cure rates/better control) –
Example: Exercise to lose weight for the obese person
|
|
|
Term
What is Tertiary Prevention – Private Health Realm |
|
Definition
Correction/prevention of deteriorization or disability of disease state (fixed/chronic), preventing recurrences of the problem (Not prescribed for healthy people)
Example: Exercise after a broken leg to prevent atrophy
|
|
|
Term
|
Old Health Care Model
|
Tomorrow’s emphasis
|
|
|
Definition
|
Disease: The more illness in the population, the more the health care industry profits
|
Wellness: The healthier the population, the higher everyone profits
|
|
Surgery and drugs are backbone of health care
|
Health education to prevent/postpone disease
|
|
Death is prevented at all costs
Death is seen as a failure
|
Patients are allowed to die in comfort and with dignity. Death is a part of wellness
|
|
The latest technology is critical for excellence in health care delivery
|
Human/personal touch and caring is critical for healing and wellness.
|
|
Physician/lawyer centered
|
Patient and family centered. Other health care providers can have vital roles as educators and healers
|
|
Hospital Centered
|
Non-hospital approach
|
|
The focus is on the physical body for the achievement of health
|
The mind-body-soul connection must be addressed for healing
|
|
|
|
