Term
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Definition
The process of becoming aware of the objects and events from the senses; since our perceptions are unique, communication between and among people becomes complicated.
Perception is subjective, active and creative. |
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Term
| What is active perception? |
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Definition
| Perception in which your mind selects, organizes and interprets that which you sense. |
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Term
| What is subjective perception? |
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Definition
Subjective perception is your uniquely constructed meaning attributed to sensed stimuli
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Term
| What can cause differences in perception? |
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Definition
| Physiological factors, people's past experiences and roles, their cultures and co-cultures and their present feelings and circumstances |
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Term
| What is perceptual consistency? |
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Definition
| The idea that your past experiences lead you to see the world in a way that is difficult to change; your initial perfections persist |
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Term
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Definition
| The part an individual plays in a group; an individual's function or expected behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with one another and with their world. |
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Term
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Definition
| A co-culture is a group whose beliefs or behaviors distinguish it from the larger culture of which it is a part and with which it shares numerous similarities |
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Term
| What is selective exposure? |
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Definition
| The tendency to expose yourself to information that reinforces, rather than contradicts your beliefs or opinions |
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Term
| What is selective attention? |
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Definition
| The tendency, when you expose yourself to information and ideas, to focus on certain cues and ignore others |
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Term
| What is selective perception? |
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Definition
| The tendency to see, hear and believe only what you want to see, hear and believe. |
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Term
| What is selective retention? |
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Definition
| The tendency to remember better the things that reinforce your beliefs rather than those that oppose them. |
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Term
| What is the first process that occurs during perception? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second process in perception? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The focal point of your attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| The background against which your focused attention occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to fill in missing information in oder to complete an otherwise incomplete statement or figure. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that objects physically close to each other will be perceived as a unit or group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that elements are grouped together because they share attributes such as size, color or shape. |
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Term
| What is the third process in perception? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is interpretive perception? |
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Definition
| Perception that involves a blend of internal states and external stimuli; the more ambiguous the stimuli, the more room for interpretation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The assignment of meaning to people's behavior. |
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Term
| When does an error in attribution occur? |
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Definition
| When people mistakenly explain their own behavior or the behavior or others. |
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Term
| What is a fundamental attribution error? |
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Definition
| In judging other people, the tendency to attribute their success to the situation and their failures to their personal characteristics. |
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Term
| What is a self-serving bias? |
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Definition
| In assessing ourselves, the tendency to attribute our own successes to our personal qualities and our failures to the circumstances. |
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Term
| What are the two most common perceptual errors? |
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Definition
| Stereotyping and first impressions. |
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Term
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Definition
| When we offer an oversimplified or standardized image of a person because of her or his group membership. |
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Term
| What is a first impression? |
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Definition
| An impression based on other people's appearance may occur in as little as 3 seconds. |
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Term
| What is perceptual checking? |
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Definition
| The process that helps us understand another person and her or his message accurately; it has three steps: 1. describe to the other person the behavior 2. you suggest plausible interpretations 3. you seek clarification, explanation or amplification. |
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Term
| What is symbolic interactionism? |
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Definition
| The process in which the self develops through the messages and feedback received by others. |
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Term
| What is a self-fulfilling prophecy? |
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Definition
| The idea that you behave and see yourself in ways that are consistent with how others see you. |
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Term
| What is self-actualization? |
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Definition
| According to Maslow, the fulfillment of one's potential as a person. |
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Term
| What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs? |
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Definition
| Physiological needs -> safety needs -> belonging needs -> esteem needs -> self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| The picture you have of yourself, the sort of person you believe you are. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feedback in which others treat you in a manner consistent with who are believe you are. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feedback in which others treat you in a manner inconsistent with your self-definition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feedback in which others fail to respond to your notion of self by responding neutrally. |
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Term
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Definition
| The feeling you have about your self-concept; it usually based on your successes and failures. |
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Term
| What are the 6 ways to change your self-concept? |
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Definition
1. have a goal or objective
2. make your goal objective
3. find information about how to achieve your goal
4. exercise control and restraint
5. gain support from friends and family
6. accept yourself |
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Term
| What is a barrier in the way of improving your self-concept? |
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Definition
| People who know you expect you to behave in a certain way |
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Term
| What is identity management? |
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Definition
| The control (or lack of control) of the communication of information through a performance |
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Term
| What is a high self-monitor? |
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Definition
| Individuals who are highly aware of their identity management behavior. |
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Term
| What is a low self-monitor? |
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Definition
| Someone who communicates with others with little attention to the responses to their messages. |
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Term
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Definition
| The socially approved and presented identity of an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbal and nonverbal strategies that are used to present your own varying images to others and to help them maintain their own images. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our efforts to save face for others. |
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