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1. Q: The extent to which group members are perceived as being a coherent social unit.
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| Q: To count as a group, a social entity must have: |
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| A: Regular interaction among its members |
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| Q: Lawrence Frey’s study of a residential AIDS facility is an example of a: |
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| Q: A _______________ approach to understanding a group assumes that the group has a goal and progress toward that goal can be measured. |
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| . Q: The _______________ approach views the group as a collection of conflicting aims, emotions, and desires. |
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| Q: The two most fundamental requirements for a sound theory are: |
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| A: Clarity and logical coherence |
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| 7. Q: The degree to which a theory bears some clear correspondence to reality, researchers conclude that the theory is: |
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| Q: The simplicity of the theory’s statements refers to: |
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| Q: A theory that is able to be tested is said to be: |
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| 1. Q: A group member’s age, cultural identity, and the rate of interruption in a discussion are measurable entities that likely fluctuate from one group to another. Age, cultural identity, and rate of interruption are: |
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| 2. Q: Output variables, such as the quality of a group decision, are considered dependent variables because: |
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| A: Their values rely on the inputs and the group process. |
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| 3. Q: The process variables, which include the group’s discussions and its members’ thoughts and feelings, _______________ the relationship between inputs and processes; they serve as the conduit between inputs and outputs. |
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| Q: _______________ lies at the center of the input-process-output model. |
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| A: Interaction among group members |
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| Q: The _______________ perspective assumes that the different facets of groups interrelate in such a way that changes in one variable reshape others in complex ways. |
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| Q: The _______________ framework stresses the ability of individuals to make their own choices even in the midst of powerful social pressures. |
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| Q: The fact that speed limits on highways not only prevent us from driving faster but also enable us to travel safely by making the speed of the other cars on the highways more predictable is an example of: |
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| Q: Larger systems often depend on the groups within them—such as organizations, communities, and cultures—because the group’s behavior can shape the character of the larger system. This statement illustrates: |
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| A: The Embedded System Theory |
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| Q: While a group visibly interacts, group members might interpret what is said, take offense or feel encouraged, rethink the group’s task, or daydream. This illustrates: |
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| A: Cognitive and emotional processing |
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| Q: Group members’ satisfaction with the group’s discussion, sense of group cohesion, and commitment to the group often serve as: |
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| A: Subjective assessments |
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| Q: If members of a group are collectively able to self-determine the group’s actions, the group is said to have a(an): |
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| Q: Groups that accomplishing particular tasks and plan and monitor their group performance are: |
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| A: Self-managed work teams |
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| 13. Q: Hirokawa and his colleagues found that a key predictor of effective group process is a combination of: |
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| A: Group structure and member characteristics |
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| . Q: A methodological convention that estimates the strength of the association between two variables: |
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| Q: The O.J. Simpson case is a primary example of: |
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| A: How the jury can shape society |
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| Q: In the model of juries, the absence of two feedback loops—from group processing and group outcomes back to inputs—emphasizes that: |
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| A: A jury exists once and then dissolves |
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| Q: Many paths in the model of juries underscore that: |
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| A: The jury exists within a larger social context |
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| Q: The most widely-recognized archetypical decision-making group is the: |
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| Q: Based on his research, Isenberg concluded that _______________ can shift group member attitudes more powerfully than _______________ when group’s deliberate on “matter of fact” |
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issues.
A: Persuasive arguments; conformity pressure |
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| Q: Based on his research, Isenberg concluded that _______________ can shift group member attitudes more powerfully than _______________ when group’s deliberate on highly ego-involved issues. |
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| A: Conformity pressure; persuasive arguments |
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| Q: Minorities have the best hope of success in ________________ groups. |
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| Q: The key dependent variable in the functional theory of group decision-making is: |
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| A: The effectiveness of the discussion |
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| Q: Small group researcher Marshall Scott Poole closely examined the _______________ in which groups make a decision. |
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| Q: As many of half of most group discussions follow the _______________ sequence. |
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| Q: Groups that have low cohesion, a larger size, the potential for sustained conflict, and a problem requiring detailed analysis are most likely to follow the _______________ sequence. |
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| Q: A _______________ sequence often results when a group is open to considering many different perspectives on an issue. |
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| Q: A _______________ path often results in smaller groups assuming novel tasks while experiencing considerable interpersonal conflict. |
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| Q: The model of group decision-making does not consider: |
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| A: Stronger roles for society |
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| 1. Q: Applying direct pressure on dissenters, stereotyped views of an opposing group’s motivations, and group members think there is complete agreement among members are all symptoms of: |
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| Q: Janis’ original theory of groupthink contended that several features had to come together perfectly for groupthink to occur. At a minimum, Janis argued, a group must be: |
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| A: Highly cohesive, structurally flawed, and in a challenging situational context |
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| Q: According to the simplified model of groupthink, the trouble begins with: |
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| A: The potential of an external threat to the group |
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| Q: The Chain, Wheel, Circle, and Comcon are types of: |
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| A: Communication networks |
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| Q: Which communication network pattern constitutes the most centralized network? |
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| Q: Which communication network pattern represents the most decentralized arrangement? |
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| Q: Which communication network form is most sufficient for accomplishing relatively simple tasks? |
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| Q: Robert’s Rules provides a guide for: |
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| A: Structuring group discussion |
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| Q: The five stage process of convening, assigning responsibilities, problem solving, building agreement before a final vote, and holding people accountable accurately depicts: |
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| A: A consensus building approach |
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| Q: A hallmark of the consensus process is: |
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| Q: Critics of the consensus approach often fear that consensus: |
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| A: Leads to a mild form of groupthink |
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| Q: Groups that are split into smaller subgroups to separately develop alternatives and then reconvene as a whole to analyze and compare ideas before making a decision is best characterized as: |
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| Q: _______________ refers to a subgroup (or a single group member) critiquing another subgroup’s plan. |
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| A: The d advocate procedure |
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| Q: _______________ often outperforms other methods at generating conflict and challenging assumptions. |
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| Q: _______________ frequently makes group members more satisfied with the decision and the decision-making process itself. |
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| A: The consensus approach |
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| Q: When a group anticipates a premature consensus forming, it is best to engage in: |
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| Q: When a group has two or three plausible solutions, it is best to engage in: |
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