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Definition
| The verbal utterances and nonverbal behaviors to which meaning is attributed during communication |
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| The thoughts in one person’s mind as well as interpretations one makes of another’s messages |
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| Are words, sounds, and actions that seek to represent specific ideas and feelings |
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| The process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words and nonverbal cues. |
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| The process of interpreting another’s message |
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| The setting in which communication occurs including what precedes and follows what is said |
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| The location, the environmental conditions, the distance between the communicators, seating arrangement and time of day |
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| The nature of the relationship that already exists between participants |
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| The background provided by previous communication episodes between participants |
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| The moods and feelings that each brings to the interpersonal encounter |
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| The values, attitudes, beliefs, orientations and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in society |
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| Both the route traveled by the message an the means of transportation |
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| Any stimulus that interferes with the process of sharing meaning |
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| Includes sights, sounds, and other stimuli that might draw away attention |
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| Internal distractions based on thoughts, feelings, or emotional reactions to symbols |
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| Refers to the thoughts and feelings that compete for attention |
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| Refers to the distractions aroused by certain symbols that take our attention away from the main message. The “girl’ in the office might actually refer to a 40 year old woman. |
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Definition
| The reactions and response to messages that indicate to the sender how the message was heard, seen and interpreted |
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| Interpersonal communication setting |
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Definition
| Informal interaction among a small number of people who have relationships with each other |
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| Problem solving group settings |
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| Characterized by participants who come together for the specific purpose of solving a problem or arriving at a decision |
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| Participants deliver a prepared message to a group or audience |
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| Electronically mediated communication settings |
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| Characterized by participants who do not share a physical context but communicate through the use of technology |
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Definition
| Involves communication by way of an electronic network but does not involve real time |
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| Online communication that allows two or more participants to communicate in real time |
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| Spoken without much conscious thought |
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| Phrasings that we have learned from past communication encounters and deem appropriate for the current situation |
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| Messages put together with careful thought |
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| Is the degree of liking or attractiveness in a relationship |
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| The degree to which one participant is perceived to be more dominant or powerful |
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| Systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people |
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| A set of moral principles that may be held by a society, a group or an individual |
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| Refraining from deception of any kind |
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| A choice involving unsatisfactory alternatives |
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| Maintaining a consistency of belief and action (keeping promises) |
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| Achieving the right balance of interests without regard to one’s feelings and being free from bias |
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| Showing regard or consideration for others and their ideas |
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| Being accountable for one’s actions and what one says |
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| The impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in any given situation |
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| Goal oriented actions that we can master and repeat in appropriate situations |
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| The perception of the speaker’s knowledge, trustworthiness and warmth |
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| Communication without anxiety or nervousness |
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| The process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it |
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| A set of characteristics used to differentiate some things from others |
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| Assigning meaning to information |
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| Your over all evaluation of your competence and personal worthiness |
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| A pattern of learned behaviors that people use to meet the perceived demands of a particular context |
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| The internal process of observing and regulating your own behaviors based on your analysis of the situation and others’ responses to you |
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| The gap between our inaccurate self-perceptions and reality |
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| Self-fulfilling prophecies |
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Definition
| Events that happen as the result of being foretold, expected or talked about |
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| The internal conversations we have with ourselves |
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Definition
| The process of monitoring the social environment to learn more about self and others |
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| Implicit personality theories |
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Definition
| Assumptions people have developed about which physical characteristics and personality traits or behaviors are associated with another |
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Definition
| To generalize and perceive that a persona has a whole set of characteristics when your have actually observed only one characteristic, trait or behavior |
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| Attributions that cover up individual differences and ascribe certain characteristics to an entire group of people |
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| A rigid attitude that is based on group membership and predisposes an individual to feel, think or act in a negative way toward another person or group. |
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| A negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership |
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| Reasons we give for others’ behaviors |
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| A message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person’s nonverbal behavior |
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| A body of symbols and the systems for their use in messages that are common to the people of the same speech community |
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| A group of people who speak the same language |
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| Symbols used by a speech community to represent objects, ideas and feelings |
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| A theory claiming that language influences perception |
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| The direct, explicit meaning a speech community formally gives a word. |
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| The feelings or evaluations we associate with a word |
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| The position of a word in a sentence and the words around it |
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| Cultures in which messages are direct, specific and detailed |
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| Cultures in which messages are indirect, general and ambiguous |
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| Feminine styles of language |
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Definition
| Use words of empathy and support, emphasize concrete and personal language, and show politeness and tentativeness in speaking |
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| Masculine styles of language |
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Definition
| Use words of status and problem solving, emphasize abstract and general language, and show assertiveness and control in speaking |
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| Words that clarify meaning by narrowing what is understood from a general category to a particular item or group within that category |
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| Words that appeal to the senses and help us see, hear, smell, taste or touch |
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| Words that narrow a larger category |
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| Wording that is full of life, vigorous, bright and intense |
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| A direct comparison of dissimilar things |
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| A comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared |
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| The weight or importance given to certain words or ideas |
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| Specifying the time or time period that a fact was true or known to be true |
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| The mental and verbal practice of acknowledging the presence of individual differences when voicing generalizations |
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| Choosing language and symbols that are adapted to the needs, interests, knowledge, and attitudes of the listeners and avoiding language that alienates |
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| Technical terms understood only by select groups |
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| Informal vocabulary used by particular groups in society |
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| Using words that may apply to only one sex, race or other group as though they represent everyone |
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Term
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Definition
| Terms are changed because of the sex, race or other characteristic of the individual |
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Definition
| The addition of sex, race, age, or other designations to a description |
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Definition
| Bodily actions and vocal qualities that typically accompany a verbal message |
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Definition
| The interpretation of body motions used in communication |
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Definition
| Movements of our hands, arms, and fingers that we use to describe or emphasize |
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| Gestures that augment a verbal message |
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| Gestures that substitute for words |
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| Gestures that respond to a physical need |
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Definition
| How and how much we look at people with whom we are communicating |
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Definition
| The arrangement of facial muscles to communicate emotional states or reactions to messages |
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Definition
| Typed symbols that convey emotional aspects of an online message |
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Definition
| The position and movement of the body |
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Definition
| Posture in relation to another person |
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| The interpretation of touch |
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Definition
| The interpretation of the message based on the paralinguistic features |
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Definition
| The voiced but not verbal part of a spoken message |
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Definition
| The highness or lowness of the vocal tone |
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Definition
| The loudness or softness of the tone |
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| The speed at which a person speaks |
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| The sound of a person’s voice |
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| The variety, melody or inflection in one’s voice |
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| Extraneous sounds or words that interrupt the fluent speech |
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| The interpretation of a person’s use of space |
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Definition
| The distance you try to maintain when you interact with other people |
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| The physical environment over which your exert control |
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| Objects and possessions we use to decorate the physical space we control |
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| Round and heavy body type |
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Definition
| Muscular and athletic body type |
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| Lean and little muscle development |
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Definition
| The interpretation of a person’s use of time |
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| Monchhronic time orientation |
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Definition
| A time orientation that emphasizes doing one thing at a time |
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| Polychromic time orientation |
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Definition
| A time orientation that emphasizes doing multiple things at once |
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