Term
| Know the 3 aspects of mediated encounters |
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Definition
1. The sensory input potential for receivers is more limited
2. Receivers of a mediated message have little or no control over its sources, that is, feedback is very limited
3. The sources of mediated messages are known either in a limited way or not known at all, only imagined |
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Term
| Know the meaning of a gatekeeper |
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Definition
- The gatekeeper is a person who, by selecting, changing, and/or rejecting messages, can influence the flow of information to a receiver or group of receivers.
3. Know the hypodermic needle and two-step flow models of mass communication.
- The hypodermic needle flow model says that the flow of info from source to receiver was always direct and immediate. Also, each audience member receives messages directly from the source of a given medium
- The two-step flow model says that on many occasions, information is passed from the various mass media to certain opinion leaders and from these leaders to other people within the population |
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Term
| Know the meaning of modeling/imitation |
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Definition
| - The process of learning new behaviors by observing them in others |
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Term
| Know the difference between advertising and public relations. |
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Definition
- Advertising is any form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, and services usually paid for by an identified sponsor.
- Public relations serves a management function. It literally deals with the functions of the public. PR firms plan strategies and are concerned with public image |
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Term
| Know the 3 implications of the new communication technologies |
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Definition
1. Narrowcasting- refers to the programming that’s designed to target a specific segment of the media audience
2. Speed & volume of information transferred- technology has increased the amount info transferred along with the speed of it being transferred
3. Increasing visual society- the number of images is increased by computers, faxes, scanners, etc. The visual capabilities of the new technologies have had a powerful impact on how the media present news and other information. |
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Term
| Know the 4 elements of listening |
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Definition
1. Hearing: the automatic physiological process of receiving aural stimuli
2. Attention: has to do with concentrating, and attending to stimuli
3. Understanding: also referred to as auditing, it’s the process whereby we assign a meaning to words we hear that closely corresponds to the meaning intended by the person sending the message
4. Remembering: the storing of information for later retrieval |
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Term
| Know the 4 types of listening |
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Definition
1. Pleasurable: talking as a means of socializing
2. Discriminative: primarily used for understanding and remembering
3. Critical: usually needed when we suspect that we may be listening to a biased source of information and when we need to make a choice about something
4. Empathetic: where the listener tries to demonstrate empathy for the speaker |
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Term
| Know the differences between analogy, example, statistics, and testimony/quotations. |
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Definition
Analogy: draws parallels between two things or situations
Example: a method of supporting an idea.
Statistics: numerical methods of describing events or ideas
Testimony/quotations: ideas are more accepted if listeners think the messages are accepted by other, especially experts/professionals |
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Term
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Definition
- includes 4 skills:
1. Concentrating
2. Acknowledging
3. Respecting
4. Empathizing |
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Term
| Know social comparison theory |
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Definition
- An explanation of what makes us yield to social pressure
- includes comparing our actions with the actions of other individuals. |
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Term
| Know the risky shift phenomenon |
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Definition
| - The tendency of people to increase their willingness to take risk as a result of group discussion |
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Term
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Definition
| - Refers to a problem-solving process in which ideas accepted by the group are not really examined, and opposing ideas are suppressed. Social influence is powerful in small group |
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Term
| Know what brainstorming is |
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Definition
| - This approach was designed to offset tendencies of group members to be inhibited by pressures to conform |
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Term
| Know the differences between group task roles, group-building/maintenance roles and individual roles. P 389-390 |
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Definition
- Group task roles: directed toward accomplishing the group’s objective through the facilitation of problem solving.
- Group building roles: these roles help the interpersonal functioning of the group. They alter the way of working; strengthen, regulate, and perpetuate
- Individual roles: designed more to satisfy an individual’s needs than to contribute to the needs of the group |
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Term
| Know what it means for a group to be cohesive |
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Definition
- Cohesiveness: the total field of forces acting on members to remain in the group
- Emotional commitment and loyalty to the group |
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Term
| Know the 3 approaches to studying culture |
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Definition
1. The social science approach: this is the most traditional and is built on the methods and assumptions derived from psychology and sociology. Assumes that behavior can be observed, measured, and predicted.
2. The interpretive approach: this approach derives its methods from anthropology and linguistics. Emphasizes the need to take into account the subjective experience of the individual.
3. The critical approach: this approach is primarily concerned with creating change by examining power relationships within cultures. Stresses the importance of social, political, and economic and historical contexts. Focuses on social rather than individual relations. Power relationships characterize all intellectual transactions |
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Term
| Know the definition of Diaspora |
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Definition
| - The Greek word for dispersal or scattering, also defined as a dispersal of people from their homeland. P 314 |
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Term
| Know the difference between individualism and collectivism |
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Definition
- Individualism is the tendency of people in a given culture to value individual identity over group identity, etc.
- Collectivism is the tendency of people in a given culture to value group identity over the individual identity. |
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Term
| Know the difference between high and low context cultures |
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Definition
- High-context cultures are more skilled in reading nonverbal behaviors and assume that other people will also be able to do so. They speak less and listen more. Communication is indirect & less explicit. = Collectivist culture
- Low-context cultures stress direct and explicit communication. They emphasize verbal messages and the shared information they encode. = Individualist culture |
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Term
| Know the dimensions of masculinity and femininity |
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Definition
- Masculine cultures value work, strength, competition, and assertiveness
- Feminine cultures value affection, compassion, nurturing, and interpersonal relationships. They tend to be more fluid |
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Term
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Definition
1. Respect for human dignity: acknowledges that all life is sacred
2. Truth telling: living with others is inconceivable if we cannot assume that others are speaking truthfully
3. Nonviolence: compassion, willingness to forgive, and an appeal that no harm should be done to the innocent |
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Term
| Know ethnocentrism and stereotyping |
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Definition
- Ethnocentrism: the tendency to judge the values, customs, behaviors, or other aspects of another culture in terms of those that our own cultural group regards as desirable or ideal
- Stereotyping: generalizations based on limited experience |
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