Term
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Definition
| societal acceptable behavior, can be classified into Folkways, Mores and Taboos. Norms change over time and with how long you know someone. |
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Term
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Definition
| casual guidelines for behavior in society, if broken its not too much of a problem, ex: wearing a tux to Mcdonalds |
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Term
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Definition
| Strongly held norms, but not the strongest of norms, if broken there might be some light punishment, ex: naked in public |
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Term
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Definition
| Norms that are held most strongly, breaking these can result in serious punishment and societal rejection ex: necrophilia |
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Term
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Definition
| a model that describes interpersonal communication with source, encoder, message, channel, decoder, reciever |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Takes the idea while still in the source stage and makes it something that is understandable |
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Term
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Definition
| broken into 3 parts, code, content and treatment. The code is a grouping of shared symbols the content is what is being communicated and the treatment is how the message is being delivered. |
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Term
| SEMCDR Message-treatment double-bind |
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Definition
| when the verbal and non-verbal cues in a message do not match |
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Term
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Definition
| The way that a message is sent to the receiver, the medium used (phone, voice, internet). It is either communicated with high fidelity or low fidelity. High fidelity is when the message gets across with no distortion, Low fidelity is when something interferes with the message. |
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Term
| SEMCDR Channel-Low fidelity causes |
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Definition
| Low fidelity is caused by either internal noise or external noise. Internal noise is when someone’s internal factors such as culture affect how they might hear a message. External noise is when an external distraction such as actual noise makes it hard for the message to get across. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that takes the encoded message and undoes the code in order to understand what was at the source. |
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Term
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Definition
| the person that the message is directed at |
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Term
| 4 mechanisms of communication: |
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Definition
| Intrapersonal communication, Interpersonal communication, small group communication and mass (or public) communication |
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Term
| 4 mechanisms of communication-Intrapersonal communication: |
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Definition
| communication from oneself to oneself, ex: alarm clock |
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Term
| 4 mechanisms of communication-Interpersonal communication (also called dyadic communication): |
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Definition
| When communication occurs between two people |
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Term
| 4 mechanisms of communication-Small group communication: |
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Definition
| When three or more people are communication with each other, there is no cap to the amount of people involved in a small group so a small group can be defined by seeing if everybody notices when someone is missing. |
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Term
| 4 mechanisms of communication-Mass (or public) Communication: |
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Definition
| There is little to no feedback and the group is seen as one listener. It can be mediated and unmediated but it is often mediated because mediation allows for acsess to a larger audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication that uses a technological object ex: TV |
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Term
| Unmediated communication: |
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Definition
| Face to face communication with speaking and hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| how people understand a message, it is split up into two parts, reception and analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| perception begins here by using all 5 senses to take in the message. |
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Term
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Definition
| the second part of perception in which stimuli from the world around the observer is synthesized |
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Term
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Definition
| A person may differ in their perception of an event because his/her analysis is not encoded the same way it was decoded. This is usually socialized and cultural. Information is perceived based on intrapersoneral categories. This is an involuntary process. |
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Term
| How does perception differ in terms of objects |
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Definition
| obviousness, intensity, contrast, repetition |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception in objects-Obviousness: |
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Definition
| If an object is received in the reception stage of perception that is hidden then it will probably not be perceived |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception in objects-Intensity |
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Definition
| a bright red will be noted among dull reds |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception in objects-Contrast |
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Definition
| if there was a group of Elvis impersonators with a normal person among them one would notice the Elvis impersonators. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception in objects-repetition |
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Definition
| if you see something a ton of times you might perceive it more directly or you might see it as something that in normal and not notice it as much. |
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Term
| How does perception differ in terms of people |
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Definition
| Past experinces, culture, language, motivation, stereotypes, perception roles, mood, psychological tendencies |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Past experiences |
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Definition
| have you seen the thing a million times before, have you learned to notice something |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Culture |
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Definition
| : the culture that you grew up in forms many notions about how you view the world. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Language |
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Definition
| the different structures of language can change the way you perceive something, while we just perceive snow as snow the Eskimos have many different words for snow so they have a much more detailed perception of snow |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Motivation |
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Definition
| If you want to see something you will work to see what you want, if I think someone doesn’t like me I will take signs of indifference as signs of annoyance. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Stereotypes |
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Definition
| If you think that a certain group of people will fit a pre-conceived notion that you have of them then you will perceive that they will. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Language |
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Definition
| the different structures of language can change the way you perceive something, while we just perceive snow as snow the Eskimos have many different words for snow so they have a much more detailed perception of snow |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Motivation |
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Definition
| If you want to see something you will work to see what you want, if I think someone doesn’t like me I will take signs of indifference as signs of annoyance. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Stereotypes |
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Definition
| If you think that a certain group of people will fit a pre-conceived notion that you have of them then you will perceive that they will. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Perception roles |
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Definition
| Certain jobs or roles train an individual to handle environments differently, ex: mother, police |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-mood: |
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Definition
| you are likely to interpret stimuli in different ways depending on your mood |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies |
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Definition
| Your psychological tendencies affect perception, categorized in three ways. Selctive exposure, selective attention and selective retention |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies-Selective exposure |
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Definition
| Only having exposure to what you believe, ex: evangelical Christians home schooling their kids. |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies-Selective Attention: |
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Definition
| A tendency to only pay attention to what you agree with ex: hearing a speech about two sides of an issue and only really paying attention to the side that you like |
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Term
| Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies-Selective retention: |
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Definition
| a tendency to remember only what you want to hear ex: I remember that someone owes me money not when I owe someone money. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication |
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Definition
| communication with oneself, 6 major factors affect intrapersonal communication, Self concept, Looking glass self, Basic social needs of the individual, beliefs, attitudes, values. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Self concept |
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Definition
| the way one views themselves, it can be sperated into three categories, self identity, self image and self esteem. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal commuication-Self concept-Self identity |
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Definition
| Social positions that you occupy (father son muslim mexican) |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Self concept-Self image |
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Definition
| Skills and aptitudes that you personally apply to yourself (I think im smart attractive and cool) |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-self concept-self esteem |
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Definition
| Positve and negative emotional responses. This perspective is individually decided and usually relies in self-identity and self image. It can also have much to do with socialization and the environment. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-looking glass self: |
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Definition
| people generally act as mirrors, their reactions to us are our reflections. This process impliments itself in three stages. 1. Imagining how our actions appear 2. Imagining how our actions are being judged. 3. Coming up with the image of self |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Basic social needs of the individual |
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Definition
| there are four basic social needs that affect intrapersonal communication. Interpersonal imperative, Inclusion, Control, affection. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-interpersonal imperitive |
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Definition
| drive to be social, to have human contact on a deep level |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-Inclusion: |
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Definition
| the need to be part of something larger then the mundane personal experience (oversocial vs. undersocial) |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-control |
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Definition
| Stems off of inclusion, it is the basic need for our voices to be heard. Autocrats are people who need too much control (control freaks) Abdicates are people who take no control whatsoever, may be labeled as lazy or antisocial. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-Affection |
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Definition
| : A basic need to give and get love. Over personal is too much affection given underpersonal is not enough human contact given |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs |
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Definition
| Ones personal opinion for what is true and what is not true. The greater the belief, the more affect it has on the individual’s perceptions and basic drives. Beliefs can be categorized into 5 different sections, Primitive 100% consensus, Primitive 0% consensus, authority, derived authority, inconsequential. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-beliefs- Primitive 100% consensus |
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Definition
| The belief that something will happen no matter what that is universially held, ex: the sun will rise tomorrow |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-beliefs-Primitive 0% consensus |
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Definition
| the belief that something will happen no matter what (held personally) ex: god exists |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs-Autority |
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Definition
| when an established and legitimate authority instills a belief about something ex: my math professor told me about math and I believe it. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs-Derived Authority |
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Definition
| When someone that people believe to be an authority in one field take their authority to another field. Ex: Bill Cosby says jell-o is good |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs-Inconsequential |
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Definition
| Something that is belived to be true on an individual level even though it has little importance or justification ex: Fender basses are the best. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Attitudes |
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Definition
| How beliefs fit into the real world. Based between common sensical judgments and beliefs. Ex: I am racist towards jews but I never do anything about it because modern additues do not allow this. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Values |
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Definition
| Broad general notions, usually supported by large overarching themes in groups. Values can be defined by instrumental values or terminal values |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Values-Instrumental values |
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Definition
| values in which “the end justify the means” they are the way that someone might go about accomplishing a task |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication-Values-Terminal values |
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Definition
| This would be more in line with the”ends” what types of things do you want, what tasks do you want accomplished. |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language: |
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Definition
| There are 8 classifications of problems with verbal language; Sub-Cultural differences, Relative language, Euphemism, Abstraction, Equivocation, Static Evaluation, Bypassing, Limited Language |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Sub cultural differences |
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Definition
| : When the same language is used differently ex: he is a nasty guitar player means to me that he is good, to others it would mean that he is mean and nasty |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Relative language |
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Definition
| Anything ambiguous gives rise to a personalized definition (cheap living in Westwood is not actually cheap living to many people) |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Euphemism |
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Definition
| this refers to when a unpleasant term is replaced by a more pleasant one ex: im sorry to hear that your mother passed on rather then im sorry to hear your moms dead |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Abstraction |
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Definition
| not being specific ex: when’s summer, after finals would be an abstract response |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Equivocation: |
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Definition
| When the same words have more then one definition ex: right can be defined as “I have the right to” and right vs. wrong |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Static Evaluation |
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Definition
| Words that make things seem one dimensional when they are not ex: Karen is mean, Karen isn’t always mean |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Bypassing |
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Definition
| When two people argue for or against the same thing, they agree but their words do not ex: that show was great, no it was incredible |
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Term
| Problems with verbal language-Limited language |
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Definition
| Reality is not limited, but language is |
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Term
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Definition
| Categorized into 6 groups, act as verbal symbols, act as performed actions and settings, invoke emotion, reduce uncertainty, express complex ideas, promote human contact |
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Term
| Functions words serve-act as verbal symbols |
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Definition
| they stand in for an action ex; describing the way someone kicks a ball. The exemption to this is the onomatopoeia because it is not a substitute it is what actually happened. |
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Term
| Functions words serve-Act as performed actions and settings |
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Definition
| they hold connotation ex: I am getting married is a verbal way of committing life to life |
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Term
| Functions words serve-Invoking emotions |
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Definition
| ex: your awesome makes people feel happy |
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Term
| Functions words serve-Reduce uncertainty |
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Definition
| through verbal clarification |
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Term
| Functions words serve-Express complex ideas |
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Definition
| thought cannot be broken into smaller parts very easily, but words can always be broken down, words help relay thought processes |
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Term
| Functions words serve-Promote human contact: |
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Definition
| in large due to the globalization of culture through modernization. |
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Term
| Cultural differences in verbal language |
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Definition
| 4 categories, Elaborate vs. succinct, formality, structure, profanity |
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Term
| Cultural differences in verbal language-Elaborate vs. Succinct |
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Definition
| Some languages are more succinct then others |
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Term
| Cultural diffrences in verbal language-Formality |
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Definition
| formal Meaning might be tied to word structure because they are related, it is likely that in many cultures when speaking to someone of hierarchy a different dialect is used and maintained or word meaning is lost. (Japanese and Hispanic cultures have strong elements of formality in place |
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Term
| Cultural differences in verbal language-structure: |
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Definition
| All languages put different epasis on different parts of speech but all need structure, this structure might change some thing about the language |
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Term
| Cultural differnces in Verbal language-Profanity: |
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Definition
| Language is tied to circumstance or setting different cultures have different words that are truly considered profane, saying shit around my friends isn’t a big deal but that is not the same with other company |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-the encounter |
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Definition
| the encounter between two people has three stages, Anticipation, direct contact and reciprocity |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-the encounter-Anticipation |
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Definition
| you imagine what is going to happen in the upcoming encounter, fantasy imagination elements, feeds on self image and intrapersonal communication |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-the encounter-direct contact |
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Definition
| When two people communicate, verbally or non verbally, the anticipation stage plays a large part in the roles people play in this stage |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-the encounter-Reciprocity |
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Definition
| When response is given to a direct contact scenario, usually results in conversation |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-Self Disclosure |
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Definition
| Intentional disclosure of information, willingly giving over a personal aspect of your intrapersonal life, interpersonally. Split into 5 categories, open self, hidden self, blind self, unknown self, halo effect |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-open self |
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Definition
| What you and other people know about you ex: expressed opinions, outfit choices |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-hidden self |
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Definition
| What people may not know about you on first contact ex: religion, hobbies |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-unknown self |
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Definition
| Something that you and other people don’t know about yourself ex: nobody including the person knows why they are always so happy |
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Term
| Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-Halo effect |
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Definition
| when a person comes to know one trait of a person’s personality and uses that trait to paint a full picture of the person. Ex:that person is rich, they must be happy |
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