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| The aspect of public relations dealing with the political or governmental environment of organizations. |
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| Groups of individuals tied together by common characteristics or responses; Other organizations, groups, individuals who are affected by the actions of the org/affect the org. |
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| Special from of PR that involves changing attitudes and beliefs on behalf of a social cause whose work benefits society, not the sponsoring organization. |
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| Individuals who use information as a manipulative tool, employing whatever means are available to acheive desired public opinion & action. |
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| Provocative actions designed solely to gain attention for ideas or grievances. |
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Public relations people who look inside and outside the organization to anticipate issues, problems, and opportunities.
-Communicating across boundaries from inside to out or outside to in; PR as intermediary |
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| Organizations that do NOT seek new information from their environments. |
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| People who have the power to direct organizations; primary decison makers |
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| States that ppl adapt an idea only after going through five stages: 1.Awareness, 2.Interest, 3.Evaluation, 4.Trial, 5.Adoption |
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| Elaboration Likelihood Model |
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| Explains whether people skim messages for relevant cues (peripheral processing) or read and think thru material (central processing) |
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| A concept in systems theory that suggests that organizations exist within social, political, and economic areas. |
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1.Expert Prescriber (defines problem, suggest options)
2.Communication Facilitator (boundary between org & it's environment)
3.Problem-Solving Facilitator (partners with senior management to identify & solve problems) |
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| The topics chosen by the media to report. |
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| Words, pictures, and actions to which meaning is attached. |
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| A way of looking at something. |
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| Organizations that seek new information and feedback from their environments. |
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| A PR model based on friendships. |
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The communication procss intended to change awareness, attitudes, or behavior.
-NOT PR |
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| The collection of daily activities that people do. |
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A principle technique for segmenting audiences based on their likelihood of communicating.
-As situation, problem, opportunity, or issue changes, publics will change. |
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| Variables that predict when publics will seek/process information about an issue |
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(Situational Theory)
1.Problem Recognition-facing issue & recognizing effect.
2.Constraint Recognition-perception of obstacles that stand in the way of the solution.
3.Level of Involvement-how much they care about the issue. |
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| Assumes individuals and groups choose strategies based on perceived rewards & costs. |
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| Attempts to explain and predict behavior by looking at ways individuals process information; learning new behaviors by observing others. |
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| Suggests how organizations are made up of interrelated parts and how they use these parts to adapt to their environment. |
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-The craft side of PR (writing, taking pictures, etc)
-Focus on implementation of management's overall communication strategies |
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| An explanation or belief abotu how something works. |
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| Uses & Gratifications Theory |
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| Asserts people are active & selective users of media. (Achieve means; ie-entertainment, diversion, insight) |
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| Commercial use of a person's picture, likeness, or name without permission. |
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| A formal set of rules governing proper behavior for a particular profession or group. |
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| Public communicatin by business organizations through advertising or public relations to achieve sales or other organizational goals. |
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| A legal instrument that protects the rights of 2 or more parties. |
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| Legal protection from unauthorized use of intellectual property fixed in any tagible medium of expression. |
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Another's creative expression
-Protected by Copyright Act through establishment of Fair Use. |
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| Public defamatory communication causing breach of the peace or incitement to riot |
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| Any one communication that holds a person up to contempt, hatred, ridicule, or scorn. |
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| Defense against Libel; the expression of opinion on matters of public interest. |
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| Permission to use creative expression of others (intellectual property) without compensation |
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| Indicates privacy has been invaded if truthful information has been used either in an exaggerated form or out of context; part of Privacy Law |
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| Federal Communication Commission; a regulatory body to regulate TV and radio broadcasting. |
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| Federal Trade Commission; responsible for ensuring fair dealing in relation to goods and services in terms of truth in advertising. |
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| The initial section of the U.S Bill of Rights that guarantees freedoms of the press, speech, assembly, & religion. |
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| Food & Drug Administration; regulates labeling, packaging, and sale of food, drugs, and cosmetics. |
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| 3 Reports required by Securities and Exchange Commission from publicly traded companies |
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1.Form 10-K (annual report)
2.Form 10-Q (quarterly report)
3.Form 8-K (current report) |
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| Freedom of Information Act; requires the disclosure of certain categories of government information. |
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| Surreptitious recording or observing of other prople's private documents, possessions, activies, or communication. |
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| 4 Kinds of Invasion of Privacy |
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1.Appropriation
2.Publication of Private Info
3.Intrusion
4.Publication of False Info |
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| Published defamation by written or printed words communicated to a 3rd party. |
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| A formal certification process that indicates a person measures up to a set of professional standards and qualifications. |
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| A requirement of civil libel cases involving public figures that states plaintiff must show (1)defendant's knowledge of falsity of published material and (2)reckless disregard for the truth. |
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| National Labor Relations Board; oversees union activities and union/management relations (governs communication between unions & employers) |
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| Protection from unauthorized intrusion into a person's private life. |
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| (Defense Against Libel) The allowance of what might otherwise be libelous bc of the circumstances under which a statement was produced. |
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| Companies are responsible for any damage or disease that might be caused by the use of their products. |
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| Publication of Private Information |
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| Part of Privacy Law; states some information (although it is true) can't be published w/o prior consent. |
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| A proposition underlying systems theory that maintains that the behavior of systems is constrained and shaped by interaction with other systems. |
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| (2002) Federal law that requires corporations be open with information about their finanacial institutions. |
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| Securities and Exchange Act |
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| (1934) Requires adequate publicity for sale of stocks, and full disclosure of any pertinent information when it becomes available. |
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| Securities and Exchange Commission |
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| Oversees trade of stocks and bonds and the operations of financial markets. |
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| Requires meetings of governmental boards, commissions, and agencies to be open to the public. |
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| Legally portected name, logo, or design registered to restrict its use to the owner. |
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| (2001) Federal law that permits the government wider powers to access individual records. |
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| Defense against invasion of privacy and copyright violation when permission is given in writing. |
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| Relationship between employer and labor organization concerned with negotiation, administration, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts dealing with wages, working conditions, etc. |
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| A special audience within an organization that management must communicate with in order to have good internal PR. |
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| PR activities that are intended to build a sound relationship between the organization and its employees. |
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| Channels of communication controlled by the organization and directed to audiences within the organization. |
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| Values, symbols, meanings, beliefs, and ways of doing things that integrate a group of people who work together. |
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| Somone who assists an organization in adapting to various changes, especially changes in culture. |
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| The process of developing worldwide markets and overall economic interdependence among the nations of the world. |
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| The process of identifying issues that potentially impact organizations and managing organizational activities related to those issues. |
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| Computer-based system designed to increase productivity by getting the right information to the right people at the right time. |
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| Focuses on building relationships with consumers through combination of marketing, advertising, and PR. |
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| Media Channels that more closely resemble face-to-face communication bc they allow for continual feedback and touch the senses through words, visuals,and sound. |
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1.Enabling/Controlling-formal authority over resources/rights
2.Peer Publics-other groups that share values/problems
3.Core Publics-production/consumption
4.Situational Publics-significant in certain situations. |
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1.Social, Cultural, & Economic Change (Industrial revolution, women's rights, urbanization, immigration)
2.Bigger/more powerful institutions
3.New communication technologies
4.Political participation/scrutiny by citizens (threatened institutional power) |
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| Traditions of PR Practice |
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1.Rhetorician & Press Agent (getting attention, mobilizing)
2.Journalistic & Publicity (using news media to communicate info from an org's point of view)
3.Persuasive Communication Campaign(influence and public opinion)
4.Relationship-Building & 2-Way Comm (consensus) |
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Expression associated with marketplace.
-Some restrictions
-Values profit & efficiency
-For private/individual benefit |
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(Personal/political/creative)
-Expression associated with workings of a democracy & community life.
-Values uninhibited debate & creativity
-For greater good
-Few restrictions |
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| Family Education Rights and Privacy Act; students must give parents permission to see grades |
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| Litigation PR; using PR strategies to affect the outcome of a legal case. |
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| Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation; Company suing a group, even though it won't hold up in court, to calm a controversy/debate. |
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1.Responsibility to peers & clients/employers
2.Truth & accuracy of info/integrity of media
3.Organizational interests vs. interest of others. |
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1. Organizational (written)
2.Professional (written)
3.Social/Cultural (inherent)
4.Personal (inherent) |
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