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mutually satisfying relationship built by 2 or more people communicating. |
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conversational narcissism |
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shift attention to yourself when speaking. |
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investigates rules by violating expectations and normality. |
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matching inner experience to the outer. |
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aristotle's definition of rhetoric |
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the ability to find the available means of persuasion in any given situation. |
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simons definition of persuasion |
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human communication designed to influence others by modifying their beliefs, values, or attitudes. |
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wandering teachers that teach the average person to be good speakers. |
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legislative; concerned with questions "about" |
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courtroom; organized & competitive. |
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ceremonial; praises or blames. |
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inartistic means of persuasion |
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"found" in the situation; not a result of creativity or imagination of the communicator. |
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artistic means of persuasion |
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don't "speak for themselves"; creative & genuine persuasion. |
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logic of the speech itself. |
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character of the speaker. |
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a form of logical reasoning that has a minor premise, a major premise, and a conclusion. |
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similar to syllogism, but one of the premises is implicit. |
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compliance gaining theory |
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conditions under which people adapt behavior to others' suggestions & stipulations. |
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reward others if they comply. |
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punish others if they don't comply. |
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suggest we know that good things will happen if they comply. |
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suggest we know that bad things will happen if they don't comply. |
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acting pleasant, so they comply with someone they like. |
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give a reward before suggesting they comply. |
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continually push them, so that compliance will bring relief. |
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suggest they owe compliance because of previous situations. |
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say they will be immoral if they don't comply, or more moral if they do. |
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show how they will feel better about themselves if they comply. |
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show how they will feel worse about themselves if they don't comply. |
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suggest that "good" people would want to comply. |
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suggest that "bad" people wouldn't want to comply. |
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claim that the compliance is very much needed. |
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show how others will think well of them if they comply. |
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show how others will think worse of them if they don't comply. |
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a condition in which two complementary positions grow progressively further apart, each as a result of the other. |
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symmetrical/complementary interaction |
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mimic another person's communication style. |
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examines how relationships develop from the interplay of perceived opposite forces or contradictions. |
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the willingness to manipulate others for personal gain. |
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culture as a "super-organic phenomenon" |
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one into which individuals are born, and one that will outlive those individuals. |
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the tendencies or patterns developed within cultures to organize communicators' behaviors. |
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complication of relational patterns. |
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extent of reliance on individual rights. |
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extent of conformity to larger social groups. |
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extent of behavior regulation through norms and roles. |
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identities are defined by contradictions & tensions in areas where cultures contact eachother. |
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examines those groups whose members must develop specialized communication strategies in order to establish themselves in larger society. |
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rely heavily on context in order to interpret possible meanings. |
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relies less on context for understanding than on explicitly stated messages. |
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supply a great deal of information, assuming that there is no sufficient context or background for understanding. |
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believe they have specialized verbal assumptions in common and therefore don't need to rely much information in order to understand. |
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cross cultural adaptation theory |
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a systematic explanation of how individuals learn to reorient their communication assumptions in new cultural contexts. |
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stubborn audience; influenced by opinion leaders. |
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producing audience; tell you what to think, and what to think about it. |
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media outlets' choice of stories and content "sets the table" for the prime information for public policy & entertainment. |
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uses and gratifications theory |
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media audiences use media content for their own gratifications and purposes. |
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a set of widely held beliefs whose validity is not questioned. |
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the in-place and institutionalized distribution of power that makes one social group dominant over another. |
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the similarities between the persuader & the persuadee. |
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the differences between the persuader & the persuadee. |
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