Shared Flashcard Set

Details

COMM 1200 midterm part 2
media and Society midterm
100
Communication
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2012

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are partisan?
Definition
A supporter of a person, group, party, or cause, especially a person who shows a biased, emotional allegiance
The first presses in this country were “partisan presses”
• Each had its own ideology & point of view
Term
what is bias?
Definition
A tendency or inclination that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question; prejudice
Term
what prejudice?
Definition
Is making a judgment or assumption about someone or something before having enough knowledge to be able to do so with guaranteed accuracy
Term
media makes you...
Definition
Media are scary
2
Media threaten people
Media can make you... crazy, violent, stupid, evil
If you see it, you might go do it
If you don’t see it, maybe you WON’T do it
Term
What media might or might not...
Definition
“make” people do has frightened & intrigued people since the first media appeared
Term
How do media affect us?
Definition
No, the Ten Commandments were NOT the first mass media

But ever since mass media began, people have been uneasy about what media might DO to those who consume it
Term
Johannes Gutenberg
Definition
The printing press and moveable type changed the world
• Adapted an oil or a wine press for a printing press
• Adapted metal casting techniques to create movable metal printing type
• Created an oil-based ink that would stick to his pieces of metal type
• He first printed a poem, then most famously, a Bible
Term
Censorship =
Definition
Control
Term
Why does anyone else care what media you use?
Definition
*Audiences consume media enthusiastically
*Something shapes how people think
Term
What is Peoples Choice Study in 1940?
Definition
• Selective exposure: Republicans avoid messages supporting Democrats, Democrats seek out those
messages • Selective perception Republicans hear FDR’s “fireside
chats” as evidence of incompetence & duplicity; Democrats hear them as evidence ability and integrity
• Selective retention People with different views remember the same event differently
Term
What is american soldiers act 1942?
Definition
• Studies found film is a powerful teaching aid
• Film doesn’t change deeply held attitudes & values
Term
A theory is.....
Definition
an idea about how and why something works the way it does
Term
Hypodermic Needle Theory/ Magic Bullet Theory
Definition
Media can “inject” or “shoot” ideas into audiences, Media changes behavior.
• Audiences are passive
• Audiences receive the message sent to them
• The message arrives intact, just as it was
created
• The only meaning the message has is that
intended by its creator
• Audiences have no agency, or ability to act for
themselves
Term
what is Agenda setting theory?
Definition
• Media don’t report reality—they filter &
shape it
• Media coverage concentrates on a few
issues
• That leads the public to see those issues as
critically important
• Media may not tell us what to think (debatable statement)
• But do control what we think ABOUT by setting the agenda of press coverage
Term
What istwo-step flow theory?
Definition
• Step One: Media message goes out to audience (opinion leaders)
• Step Two: Audience receives and spreads the message to friends, family
Term
what is modeling/social learning?
Definition
• People learn behaviors through observing and watching others
• Sometimes on the media
Term
what is uses and gratification theory?
Definition
• A theory about the audience, not the message sender
• Audiences are active, not passive
• Audiences choose & use media to fill their own needs & desires
• Audiences balance media input with the rest of their lives
• Even if television is particularly violent, we consider that dramatization because we know the real world is less violent
Term
what is third party effect?
Definition
• I’m not affected by media
• But I’m a little worried about YOU
Term
what is priming theory?
Definition
• Certain contexts prepare you to receive information in certain ways
• A desk & a suit= NEWS show
• A talking head & a label=EXPERT
• Movie soundtracks: suspense, horror, comedy
• If you’re not primed, you may not get the point
Term
what is scary world syndrome?
Definition
• Heavy viewing of news and other television leads audiences to believe that the world is a violent, nasty place
Term
what is spiral of silence?
Definition
*People tend to remain silent when their views are in the minority
• The Internet does break down certain kinds of social isolation, while perhaps increasing others
Term
what is mixed effects?
Definition
• Sometimes media have powerful effects, sometimes minimal effects, and sometimes – depending on a complex variety of contingencies – a mixture of both
Term
what is ideology?
Definition
 Doctrines, myths, & beliefs that guide an individual,
social movement, institution, class, or group
 We often draw on media images for definition & illustration
 Part of how we learn the meaning of these words is through media
Term
what are medias priority?
Definition
 Media aim to make money
 Money helps in life, but people’s happiness is
also linked to things media cannot sell or deliver:
 Bring important to someone/someones
 Meaningful work
 Contributing to our communities
 Being loved
 Enjoying your life
Term
what is encoding?
Definition
_________the message is made by the producer
__________the message is made using a system of signs that the culture imbues with meaning
Term
what is decoding?
Definition
_______the message is responded to, meaning is made by the receiver
________do not inevitably follow encodings; viewers bring their own meaning to the message
Term
what is Stuart Hill idea?
Definition
 There is meaning created in a message by the sender
 There is meaning made of a message by the receiver
Term
what is semiotic analysis?
Definition
a systems of signs & their substance
Term
What is Roland semiotic analysis?
Definition
 If we examine pieces of popular culture, we may discover how social order is being imposed
 How hegemony is being imposed and communicated
 How certain values, behaviors, choices are made to appear “natural,” “best,” “right,” even “cool”
Term
what is a flag?
Definition
Is a piece of cloth with colors and shapes
Term
what is technological determinism?
Definition
Technology drives social structure & values
Term
when is the first ad?
Definition
* William Caxton, England, first printed advertisement (& first press in England)
 "Pyes of Salisbury good and chepe”
 It took only 12 years for ads to appear
in 1468-77
Term
what is primus fowle?
Definition
first black printer
Term
what is the comstock act?
Definition
passed in 1873 banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mall.
Term
What is Sherman antitrust act?
Definition
• Limits
 cartels
 &
 monopolies
  • SBll
 the
 basis
 for
 current
 anBtrust
 liBgaBon
  • Applies
 to
 media
 conglomerates,
 as
 well
Term
what is the fairness doctrine?
Definition
Term
Sunshine laws?
Definition
or open meeting laws
Term
Definition
passed
 in
 1966,
  requires
 federal
 agencies
 to
 list
 all
 their
 documents
 and
  provide
 them
 for
 news
 agencies
 on
 request
Term
when is the first ad?
Definition
* William Caxton, England, first printed advertisement (& first press in England)
 "Pyes of Salisbury good and chepe”
 It took only 12 years for ads to appear
in 1468-77
Term
what is primus fowle?
Definition
first black printer
Term
what is the comstock act?
Definition
passed in 1873 banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mall.
Term
Sunshine laws?
Definition
or open meeting laws
Term
when is the first ad?
Definition
* William Caxton, England, first printed advertisement (& first press in England)
 "Pyes of Salisbury good and chepe”
 It took only 12 years for ads to appear
in 1468-77
Term
what is primus fowle?
Definition
first black printer
Term
what is the comstock act?
Definition
passed in 1873 banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mall.
Term
what is the fairness doctrine?
Definition
Term
Sunshine laws?
Definition
or open meeting laws
Term
what is the shield law?
Definition
help protect confidentiality sources
Term
what is the freedom of information act?
Definition
passed in 1966, requires federal agencies to list all their documents and provide them for news agencies on request
Term
what is ownership limitations in 1941?
Definition
A broadcasters cannot own television stations that reach more than 35% of US homes.
Term
what is the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?
Definition
Limits cartels and monolies
Still the basis for current antitrust litigation
Applies to media conglomerates
Term
5 ideas of ethics
Definition
1.Beaware of power
2.be aware of your limits
3.be aware conflicts of interest
4.do your work well
5. find some heroes
Term
ad agencies was born...
Definition
Volney Palmer became an ad broker
Term
who is francis wayland?
Definition
bought up Volney Palmer
Introduced open contract and commissions and set industry standards for practices
Term
Puffery..
Definition
exaggeration
Term
what is hidden messages?
Definition
Term
what is target markets?
Definition
breaks up the advertising audience into diverse segments in order to reach individuals most likely to purchase a particular product.
Term
what advertising objectives are?
Definition
name recognition and branding, spreading news about a product, image advertising, adding value to the product.
Term
Media Literacy means the ability to...
Definition
understand and use media
Term
Good media criticism should always...
Definition
offer analysis based on reason
Term
Mediated Communications is sharing messages
Definition
Conveyed through an interposed device
Term
On job of gatekeeper is determine...
Definition
how messages to consumers are constructed
Term
In media studies "converging" refers come together of:
Definition
computer, telephone, and mass media technologies
Term
Many countries accuse the United States of cultural imperialism, meaning that they believe the U.S:
Definition
displaces the culture of other countries with American culture
Term
Foreign media in the United States
Definition
an unofficial fourth branch of government
Term
Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin envisioned the fourth estate as
Definition
global
Term
According to the text, which level of the media industry is the key to understanding today's media business?
Definition
the widespread use of the english language
Term
Economies of scale save a company money because they enable the company to
Definition
make many copies of a product
Term
Vertical integration is a business model in which
Definition
a company owns different parts of the same industry
Term
In terms of media-government relationships in the world today, the media in most countries are
Definition
mixed in terms of government and private ownership
Term
The conflict of interest between media who want to cover a trial, and a defendant who wants a fair trial, is an example of
Definition
a legal issue
Term
Cross merchandizing is a form of
Definition
sales promotion
Term
Media research was done on the effects of propaganda used during WWI because
Definition
many feared media could brainwash the public without their knowledge
Term
Which of the following types of Payne Fund studies suggested that teens were most affected by sexual content in movies?
Definition
laboratory experiments
Term
Which of the following would cause people to look for messages that helped them feel consistent in their attitudes?
Definition
selective exposure
Term
"The American Soldier" studies showed that the "Why We Fight" films were highly effective in
Definition
helping recruits master knowledge of the evens that brought the US into war
Term
The first major study on the effect of TV on kids, conducted in the late 1950s, found that
Definition
most children started watching adult programs at an early age
Term
Marshall McLuhan's idea that "the medium is the message" means that
Definition
the characteristics of a medium determine the viewer's experience more than the content does
Term
Which of the following theories implies that media effects are part of a complex interaction?
Definition
Multi-step theory
Term
The diffusion of innovations theory explains
Definition
how a persons perceptions of the world are shaped and sometimes distorted by the media
Term
The main point of agenda setting is to..
Definition
change the publics perception of what is important
Term
Gender studies examine
Definition
Term
Marxist theorists believe that media
Definition
distracts people form reality in a way that benefits commercial forces
Term
One reason for the disparity between research and conventional wisdom concerning the effects of media on society is
Definition
conventional wisdom believes in powerful, and mostly negative media influences.
research does not determine effects by anecdotal evidence
the public is not aware of thousands of media research studies published
Term
When you prove correlation you prove that
Definition
two events happened simultaneously
Term
in media research, the baseline effect refers to the idea that..
Definition
media exposure is always affecting us whether we know it or not
Term
Most scholars agree that the first books were written on
Definition
clay tablets
Term
In 17th Century New England, printers tried to keep up with the demand for chapbooks, which mostly contained
Definition
entertaining stories
Term
One result of the mass marketing of modern paperback books was
Definition
more people reading literary classics
Term
According to the text, by the 1960s conglomerates believed that small publishing houses
Definition
were not realizing their profit potential
Term
Trade books are described as
Definition
books sold to the general public
Term
According to the text, reference books remain profitable because
Definition
much of their content remains the same in new editions
Term
The job of a copy editor is to
Definition
polish the manuscript line by line
Term
A jacket blurb for a book consists of
Definition
a critics comments about the book
Term
One reason that megastores are seen as a threat by many book lovers is that such stores
Definition
have clerks that are often unknowledgeable about books
Term
A bibliophile is a person who
Definition
reads 50 or more books a year
Term
Critics contend that the "blockbuster syndrome" in publishing
Definition
drains money that could be used to publish literary works
Term
A midlist author is one whose books
Definition
sell between 10,000 and 15,000 copies
Term
the first presses in americas were established in
Definition
cambridge, massachusetts
Term
according to the text, the change from an oral culture to a print culture
Definition
helped people learn to think for themselves
Supporting users have an ad free experience!