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| "What humans produce and the means by which we preserve what we have produced" |
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Physical Culture: Artifacts
Social Culture: Practice of daily life
Attitudinal Culture: Customs, laws traditions |
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Collective: Must be shared
Rhetorical: Result of our shared symbol systems
Historical: It changes, evolves, fades over time
Ideological: Force of interpretation |
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| A system of ideas that unconsciously shapes and contrains both our beliefs and behaviors through: limitation, normalization, privileging and interpellation. |
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Limits: promotes certain perspectives while obscuring others.
Normalize: Normalizing certain concepts by limiting the possible interpretations.
Privilege: Normalizing relations of power also confirms that the needs of more powerful groups are more important.
Interpellation:The process by which individuals are turned into ideological subjects. |
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Myth: A sacred story or "type of speech" that reaffirms and reproduces ideology in relation to an object.
Doxa: represents knowledge (common sense). refers to the constructed aspects of a culture that its members do not really challenge or critically reflect upon.
Hegemony: The process by which one ideology subverts other competing ones and gains cultural dominance. |
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| A wide variety of scholarship concerned with culture, ideology, privilege and oppression |
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| Is the sum of the subtle and nuanced aspects of a historical culture |
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| 5 Motifs of Cultural Studies |
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Definition
Interdisciplinary
Pragmatic (practical)
Political
Self-reflective
Contingent |
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Persons success directly related to amount of effort.
Hard work = success |
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| An exception to a social rule that affirms the connectedness of an ideology |
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| The belief that one can attain the happiness of upper class through purchasing material goods/ services. |
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| The process by which various cultural groups are symbolically annihilated or "written out of history". |
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| The process of constructing misleading and reductionist representations of a minority racial group. |
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| The process by which media texts represent minority groups in a positive light while stripping them of cultural identities. |
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| The process of marginalizing minorities by defining them in relationship to the (white) majority, which is assumed to be the norm. |
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| The depiction of subordinate and racialized "others" as a source of pleasure for US American tourist and consumers. |
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| The ideological circulation and consumption of images of foreign lands that romanticize or mystify other cultures. |
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An Austrian Psychiatrist
How media texts reflect human mental drives toward unity, pleasure and desire. |
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| The uncontrollable human drive to to satisfy desire. |
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| An appetite for something that promises enjoyment, satisfaction, ans pleasure in it's attainment. |
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| The constant curbing of desire according to possibility, law or social convention. (Keeps Pleasure Principal in check) |
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| The process of mentally containing our desires below conscious recognition or expression. |
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| The part of the mind that acts as a reservoir for desire, and it always attempts to make repressed desires felt again by interjecting them into conscious life. |
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| The gap separating imaginary pleasures and lived reality. |
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| Beyond signification. It is made up of things in the world that cannot be consciously known or put into words. |
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| The stage where the infant feels whole and connected to everything via the bond of the mother. |
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| The cultural plane of language, social meanings and relationships. |
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| A social condition where images and representations of the penis carry connotations of power and dominance. |
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| (earliest psychoanalytical approach to film) Claims the actual environment and machinery of the cinema activates a number of desires within spectators. |
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| The pleasure that comes from the process of looking (one of the primary sexual pleasures). |
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The process of experiencing pleasure by watching a desired object or person from a distance (a powerful concept at work in a movie theater).
Distance keeps desire alive. |
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| The psychic structuring of an object or person as a source of sexual pleasure. |
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| The cinema's frequent positioning of women as objects coded for strong visual and erotic impact. |
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| A mental representation of conscious or unconscious wish fulfillment. |
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| A political project that explores the diverse ways in which men and women are socially empowered or disempowered. Not anti-male |
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| Discrimination based upon a person's sex. |
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| The innate, biological differentiation between men and women: anatomy, reproduction, hormones, etc. |
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| The culturally constructed differences between men and women: tastes, roles, activities, etc. |
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| The belief that cultural distinctions such as masculinity and femininity are inherent, universal, and natural. |
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| A system of power relations in which a women's interests are subordinated to those of men. |
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| A misleading and simplified representation of a particular social group. |
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Being a man- Physical prowess
Being a woman- Passive acceptance and helplessness |
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Men- bread winner (Job: Public)
Women - family nuturer (Home: Private) |
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Logic- male trait
Emotion - female trait |
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| A conceptual shift within the popular understanding of feminism: an evolution in feminist emphasis from the systematic oppression of all women to the empowerment of individual women. |
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| Consequences of Sexist Media Representation |
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Definition
Eating disorders- need slender figure
Permissible for women to earn less/ have fewer occupational opportunities. |
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