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Dynamic interaction of an infinite number of variables with no beginning, middle or end |
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Determines what you get as a reult in an experiment |
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Isolation, measurement and control |
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Generalizability to others Can i generate the results of my internally valid study to some other outside group? |
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Same as reporudcibility If we do the study again, would we get the same results? |
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Does the measuring instrument measure what it's supposed to? |
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Some variabiles are associated with one another but one doesnt affect the other |
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Hypodermic Needle/Magic Bullet Theory |
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Viewers or listeners change They broadcast a message, you get the message and do as they say |
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Media is blamed for many problems in our society |
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Others have been influenced by media but I havent |
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older mass comm. theory Messages regarding politics come to media and then they deliver them to the viewers |
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Physical aggression against another human being or animal |
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The Classic Hypothesis - media violence |
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Seeing violence increases aggressive behavior |
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The classic paradigm - media violence |
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frustration, exposure opportunity for violence |
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watching makes you less aggressive -proven not true |
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seeing aggression makes you more violent or aggressive |
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seeing aggression leads to greater aggression but it's not because it's aggresion, it's because of copying or modeling behavior |
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viewing violence leads to aggresion because you experience an increased heard rate and you go into an excited state |
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Vote for someone you know won't win so you're not responsible |
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Why waste your time voting if it's only 1 vote |
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Precision Precedent Procedure Politics |
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Should be no restrictions on freedom of speech, press, religion. -Except when matter of national security or obscene |
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KKK example - wouldn't let on steps of capital to protest |
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Most times you are entitled to free speech and press |
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defames or destroys the reputation of another and |
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Privilege - libel defense |
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performance of many duties (law enforcement) people are able to say things about you - reporters repeat what they say in writing |
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offered your abilities and assessed them, negative or positively |
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DOESN'T SAY ANYTHING ABOUT LIST OF OBSCCENE WORDS |
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Govnerments business should be done in a way that's available for citizens -public meetings must be advertised X amount of days before |
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Laws that would protect journalist from giving out their sources -no national/federal shield law.. up to state |
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Controls equal opportunnity for all legally bonified candidates for any given political office
Broadcastings given everyone equal opportunity with price - not your problem if you can't afford it |
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Creation of FCC Thought it would be a good idea to offer balanced coverage - not equal |
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use media rationally to meet their needs - not always as media would like |
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Emotional, irrational belief in media messages and sources |
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Uses and Dependency Theory |
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The "expected" middle ground, interaction of interpersonal communication and mass media |
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