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| an early sound recording machine invented by Thomas Edison, where the recorded material was played back on a cylinder |
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| a machine invented by Emile Berliner that could play prerecorded sound on flat discs rather than cylinders |
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| a combination of techniques that allowed recordings to reproduce music more accurately with higher hih notes and deeper bass than was possible with previous recording technologies |
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| music such as a fold song or jazz solo that does not exist in written form |
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| the first system for using wires to send messages at a distance; invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 |
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| Guglielmo Marconi’s name for his point-to-point communication tool that used radio waves to transmit messages |
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| David Sarnoff’s 1915 plan, outlining how radio could be used as a popular mass medium |
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| a company that provides common programming to a large group of broadcast stations |
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| a period from the late 1920’s until the 1940’s, during which radio was the dominant medium for home entertainment |
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| serialized daytime dramas targeted primarily at women |
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| music that people play and sing for one another in the home or other social settings. In the absence of radio, recordings, and later, television, this was the means of hearing music most readily available to the largest number of people |
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| a style of music popularized on radio that combined elements of white hillbilly music and black rhythm and blues |
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| a term used by the recording industry prior to 1949 to refer to recordings by popular black artists. It was later replaced by more racially neutral terms such as R&B, soul, or urban contemporary |
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| songs recorded (or covered) by someone other than the original artist. In the 1950’s it was common for white musicians to cover songs originally played by black artists, but now artists commonly cover all genres of music |
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| a musical group composed of several women singers who harmonize together. Groups such as the Shirelles, the Ronettes, and the Shangri-Las, featuring female harmonies and high production values, were especially popular in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s |
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| the British take on American rock ‘n’ roll, blues, and R&B transformed rock ‘n’ roll and became internationally popular in the 1960’s with groups such as the Beatles, and the later the Rolling Stones and The Who |
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| an album by a solo artist of group that consists of a group of related songs on a common theme or even a story, rather than being a collection of unrelated hits or covers |
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| the person who puts together the right mix of songs, songwriters, technicians, and performers to create an album; some argue that the producer is the key catalyst for a hit album |
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| the name of the heavily produced techno blub dance music of the 1970’s, which grew out the urban gay male subculture, with significant black and Latino influences. In many ways, disco defined the look and feel of the 1970’s pop culture, fashion, and film |
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| originally referred to as “hillbilly” or “old-timey” music, this genre evolved out of Irish and Scottish folk music, Mississippi blues, and Christian gospel music, and grew in the 1950’s and 1960’s with the so called Nashville sound |
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| the genre arose out of the hip-hop culture in New York City in 1979. It emerged in clubs with DJs playing and remixing different records and sounds and then speaking (or rapping) over the top |
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| a record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. The more durable LP could reproduce 23 minutes of high-quality music on each of the two sides and was a technological improvement over the 78-rpm |
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| the record format developed in the late 1940s by RCA. It had high-quality but only held about four minutes of music on a side. It was the ideal format for marketing popular hit songs to teenagers though |
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| a digital recording medium that came into common use in the early 1980s. DCs can hold approximately 70 minutes of digitally recorded music |
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| a method of recording sound, for example, that used to create CDs, that involves storing music in a computer readable format known as binary information |
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| an electro-mechanical method of recording in which a sound is translated into a analogous electrical signals that are then applied to a recording medium. Early analog recording media included acetate or vinyl discs and magnetic tape |
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| short for Moving Picture Experts Group audio layer 3; a standard for compressing music from CDs or other digital recordings into computer files that can be easily exchanged on the Internet |
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| payoffs to disc jockeys in the form of money or gifts to get them to play a particular record |
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| American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) |
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| the original organization that collected royalties on musical recordings, performances, publications, and airplay |
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| Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) |
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| a competitor of ASCAP that has generally licensed new composers and artists who had not been represented by the ASCAP, including a lot of what was known as “minority music”-including blues, country, Latin, and unpublished jazz compositions |
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| a style of radio programming designed to appeal to a narrow, specific audience. Popular formats include country, black music, all talk, all sports, and top 40 |
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| radio personalities, like Howard Stern, who attract listeners by making outrageous and offensive comments on the air |
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| Federal communications commission |
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| the federal agency charged with regulating telecommunications, including radio and television |
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| sometimes also referred to as high-definition radio, this technology provides listeners with CD-quality sound and the choice of multiple channels of programming but is not yet commonly available in mass market outlets nor as stand equipment in cars |
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| the radio service provided by digital signal broadcast from a communications satellite. This service covers a wider area than terrestrial radio, is supported by subscribers, offers programming that is different from corporate-owned terrestrial stations, but is still costly and doesn’t really provide local coverage, such as local traffic and weather reports |
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| an audio program produced as an MP3 compressed music file that can either be listened to online, at the listener’s convenience, or downloaded to a computer or mp3 player. Pod casts sometimes contain video content as well. |
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