Term
| Verbal Interaction Analysis |
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Definition
- Who talks to whom, how often each talks orally if there are dominant members or not
• Map where everyone is (your group + observation group)
• Watch who says what, and make a mark b the name
o Make inference of group culture, easy to identify Dominant and submissive relationships, leaders, followers, obstructions, ect.
o Easy to interpret, however difficult to accurately document all information |
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Term
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Definition
o Examines actual content of the remark, the types of content people make, type and tone, frequency of talk and behaviors
• Emphasize individual, not the group
o Make sure to classify each remark so same behavior is categorized |
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Term
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Definition
o System for the multiple observations of a group
o The behavior of each group member can be classified under independent categories or dimensions
• Dominant vs. Submissive
• Friendly or Unfriendly
• Task-oriented vs. emotionally expressive
o Easy to identify who is Task, Emotional (Y) and Unfriendly/Friendly (X) |
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Term
| 2 Models of Group Progression |
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Definition
1. Phasic Progression
2. Functional Perspective |
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Term
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Definition
- Orientation Phase: Members orientating themselves to the task and each other
• What is the group capable of doing
• Discover unique characters of each
- Evaluation Phase: Members decide what they think of the problem
• Nature of the problem and how to approach
- Control Phase: Members reach collective maturity that they can consider a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| The communicative actions of the group members determine decision making and problem solving performance |
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Term
| Five requirements of Functional Perspective |
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Definition
- Members must understand the issue
- Minimal characteristics: have minimal criteria for solution to acceptable solutions
- Determine any and all relevant solutions
- Compare minimal characteristics to all relevant solutions
- Select a solution that seems most likely to have all the necessary characteristics |
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Term
| Why are groups better problem solvers |
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Definition
- More opinions
- Keep things focused and on track
- Collaborate with others
- Correct for weaknesses, assign roles based on individual talent |
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Term
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Definition
| Decision that a group is qualitatively and quantitatively better than the best individual judgment of each member of the average of the members judgment (The whole is greater than the sum of the parts) |
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Term
| Factors that influence group Output: |
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Definition
Types of tasks
Ability of the members
Types of communication between members |
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Term
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Definition
Conjunctive: Each member possesses information relevant to problem solving, (Input)
Disjunctive: Little coordination among group members, expert will take leadership role and do the work (Dividing tasks) |
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Term
| Types of Communication between members |
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Definition
- Encouraging members to elaborate, collaborate, and share
- Negative socioemotional: negative comments, exclude/neglect others
- Positive socioemotional: Great idea, laughs at jokes, not task related |
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Term
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Definition
1. Identify the charge
2. Type of question the group is addressing
3. Determine criteria for evaluating standards |
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Term
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Definition
- Specifies what group is supposed to do (task)
- Includes the groups area of freedom
• Defines groups authority and limitations |
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Term
| Types of questions the group is addressing |
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Definition
- Policy: policy changes of limitations and authority.
- Question of Conjecture: Employ experts to make observation
- Value: good/bad
- Fact: True/False |
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Term
| Determine the criteria for evaluating standards |
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Definition
- How do we know we have the best solution
• Establish criteria early on |
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Term
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Definition
Solution first, then implementation, brainstorm starts everything
1. Problem Description
2. Generate and elaborate on possible solutions
3. Evaluate possible solutions
4. Consensus decision making
5. Implement the chosen solution |
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Term
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Definition
- Focus on problem from all sides, which helps narrow the solution Identify the problem (Concrete, precise)
- Discussion • Agree on principles for the discussion, rules to guide the conversation • Make clear any assumptions or bias by articulating goals and blinders
- Identify/Analyze issues: • What issues must be understood to fully understand the process
- Identify possible solutions
- Resolve the single question |
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Term
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Definition
| Firm belief that an argument against an idea is not an argument against a person. REMOVE PERSONAL ISSUES |
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Term
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Definition
| To generalize beyond normal expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| Attack on a person, not the argument |
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Term
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Definition
| Correlation between two variables doesn’t necessarily imply that one causes the other |
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Term
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Definition
When we have to choose between two mutually exclusive arguments
• Either you’re with us or against us |
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Term
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Definition
A relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect
• Make the wrong decision, you’ll go to hell |
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Term
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Definition
Comparison between two objects, or systems of objects, that highlights respects in which they are thought to be similar
• Box can be a rectangle, rectangle can’t be a box |
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Term
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Definition
| Irrelevant issue raised to distract from an argument |
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Term
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Definition
1. Overgeneralization
2. Ad Hominen
3. Causation/Correlation
4. False Dilemma
5. Slippery Slope
6. Analytical Reasoning
7. Red Herring |
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