2 different kind:

1. Speech Dependent (gestures we use while speaking)

2.   Speech Independent (when we are not speaking) such as emblems, signals, autonomous gestures. Remember the video "The Color Purple (keep your chin up) , The Terminator (thumbs up), Catch 22 (middle finger)" don't need spoken words to understand them.

A system of speech independent gestures used in specific situations and professions. (eg: scuba diving, ground guys in the airport, referee, baseball, military, lumber mills) You must learn it in order to do your job. Remember the movie (Saving Private Ryan)

Exam 3 question: Where specific gestures are used? Give examples.

Also known as "illustrators"

Used with conversation to :

1. help others visualize what you are saying
2. Express your own feelings
3. Emphasize, accentuate
4. Regulate interaction

• Palms up = uncertainty, begging
• Palms down = certainty, finality
• Palms out = calm down
• Palms in = referring to "me"

-We use speech-related gestures to increase comprehension

- Make ideas vivid (clearer)

- Intensify points (emphasize)

- Maintain listener attention (look at me!)

- Organize the verbal message (1,2,3,..)

- Aids in recall (dual coding)

When we receive a message through two channels

- Audio + Visual

- Show and Tell

- Lecture + Overhead

- Words + Music

- Words + Gestures (Meryl Streep kneels for favor, stand-up means i will)

- Used to increase comprehension

- If our words and gestures are out of sync, we create confusion for others

- So, the lesson is: when speaking, make sure the illustrators match the words, otherwise people will be confused.

What influences the frequency of gesturing?

(give at least 3 on exam 3)

1. Face to face interaction
2. Enthusiastic speaker involved with topic
3. Speaker is concerned that receiver comprehends the message
4. Trying to dominate the conversation
5. Content of speech
6. If audio channels are blocked (when we can't talk or hear)

When our body movements match and mesh with the other person.

- Matching is doing the same thing

- Mirroring is doing the same thing as a mirror image

- When we match and mesh with someone's body postures and attain interaction synchrony, we feel rapport with that person (we say that  "we clicked" with them.)

A nonverbal empathetic response.

- Returning a smile; smiling when someone else is smiling

- Frowning when someone is frowning

- Yawning when someone is yawning

- Wincing when someone gets hurt

When we "catch" others emotions, it occurs when an emotional experience is triggered as a result of mimicking someone sad when seeing someone cry, feeling joy when seeing others happy, getting your teammates pumped up to go, fight, or win! (eg: Tibow in the dressing room)

2 conditions needed:

1- strongly felt emotions

2- communicators who are skilled (a) encoders (the sender) (b) decoders (receiver) 

Study Questions for "The Language of the Body"

1- How does Morris study human behavior? Where does he go to do the research? 2- In how many countries? 3- How is the handshake considered? What is the essential feature of the handshake? 4- How is respect shown when handshaking? 5- Why is it important to understand the culture you are visiting when going abroad? 6- what are the different meanings of the "ok" gesture in France and Sardinia? 7- What does the middle finger symbolize when insulting people? 8- What is the origin of the thumbs up gesture? Why are "Gladiator" movies wrong? 9- Some examples of gesture systems show us?10- Other term for gesture that accompany illustrators? 11- Why do we gesture even if no one sees us? 

Study Questions for "A World of Gestures"

1- What are some typical gestures? 2- How many "fight or flight" gestures does the US society have? 3- What are the three types of obscene gestures covered in the video? 4- What are some countries that don't have any obscene gestures? 5- What are other categories of gestures covered in the video?