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| subject to multiple meanings. symbols are ambiguous because their meanings vary from person to person, context to context, and so forth |
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| random or nonnecessary. Symbols are arbitrary becaue tehre is no need for any particulr symbol to stand for a particular referent. |
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| remvoed from concrete reality. symbols are abstracte because they refer to, but are not equivalent to, reality. |
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| shared understands of what communication means and what behaviors are appropriate in various situations |
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| communication rules that specify how certain communicative acts are to be counted |
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| thinking about experiences and ideas that do not exist or are not present to the senses |
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| the creative, spontaneous, impulsvie aspect of the self. The "I" is complemented by the "me" |
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| language that identifies the speaker's or perceiver's thoughts and feelings. (Compare with you-language) |
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| a technique of noting that every statement reflects a specific time and circumstance and may not appy to other times or circumstances |
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| meanings people assign to brute facts (objective, concrete phenomena) that are based on human interpretation |
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| an extreme form of evaluative language that relies on words that strongly slant perceptions and thus meanings |
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| the reflective, analytical, socially conscious aspect of self. "Me" complements the "I" aspect of self |
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| all forms of communication other than words themselves; includes inflection and other vocal qualities as well as several other behaviors such as shrugs, blushing, and eye movements |
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defining the beginning and ending of interaction or interaction epidsodes. Punctuation is subjective and not always agreed on by those involved in the interaction. |
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| A groups reclamation of a term used by others to degrade the group's members; the treatment of those tersm as positive self-descriptions. Aims to remove the stigma from terms that others use pejoratively |
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| communication rules that regulate interaction by specifying when, how, where, and with whom to talk about certain things |
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| an assessment that suggests that something is unchanging or static; e.g. "Bob is impatient" |
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| an arbitrary, ambiguos, and abstract representation of a phenomenon. Symbols are the basis of language, much nonverbal behavior, and human thought |
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| responding to a person as if one aspect of the person were the total of who the person is |
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| words and only words; does not include inflection, accent, volume, pitch, or other paralinguistic features of speech |
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| language that attributes intentions and motives to another person, usually the person to whom one speaking (compare with "I" language) |
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| any personal object with which one announces one's identities or personalize one's environment |
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| nonverbal communication invovling the perception and use of time to define identites and interaction |
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| any nonverbal element a setting that affects how we think, feel, act, and communicate |
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| nonverbal communication involving physical touch |
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| body position and body motions, including those of the face, that may be used to communicate or may be interpretd as communicating |
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| the perception of scents and odors; one form of nonverbal communication |
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| communication that is vocal but not verbal. Paralanguage includes accent, inflection, volume, pitch, and sounds such as murmurs and gasps |
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| a form of nonverbal communication: how we look, including the cultural meanings, values, and expectations associated with looks |
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| a form of nonverbal communication that involves space and how we use it |
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| lack of sound. silence can be a powerful form of nonverbal communication. |
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| listening carefully to a speaker in order to attck her or him. |
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| the perception of personal attack , criticisms, or hostile undertones in communication when none is intended |
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| a physioilogical activity that occurs when sound waves hit our eardrums. Unlike listening, hearing is a passive process. |
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| the subjective process of organizing and making sense of perceptions |
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| a complex process that consists of being mindful, hearing, selecting, and organizing information, interpreting communication, responding, and remembering |
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| listening only to the content level of meaning and ignoring hte relationship level of meaning |
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| the amount of detailed information or intricate reasoning in a message; can interfere with effective listening |
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| The receiving of mroe messages than we can interpret, evaluate, and remember; can interfere with effective listening |
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| From Buddhism, the concept of being fully present in the moment; the first step of listening and the foundation of all other steps |
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| communication that gently invites another person to elaborate by expression interest in hearing more |
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| a method of clarifying another's meaning by reflecting one's interpretation of the other's communication back to that person |
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| judging others or their ideas before one has heard them |
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| listening to support another person or to understand how another person thinks, feels, or perceives some situation, event, or other phenomenon. |
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| the process of recalling what one one has heard; the sixth element of listening |
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| symbolizing interest in what is being said with observable feedback to speakers during interaction; the fifth of six elements of listening |
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| focusing only on selected parts of communication; e.g. screening out parts of a message that don't interest us or with which we disagree on or riveting our attention on parts of communication that interest us or with which we agree |
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| the second of three levels of interpersonal confirmation: communicating that you hear and understand another's expressed feelings and thoughts |
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| identifying and setting aside for later discussion the issues peripheral to a current conflict |
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| the overall feeling or emotional mood, between people |
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| the expression of different views, interests, or goals and the perception of differences as incompatible or in oposition by people who depend on each other |
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conflict that is expressed indirectly: generally more difficult to manage constuctively than overt conflict |
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| the third of three levels of interpersonal confirmation; the communication of acceptance of another's thoughts and feelings. Not the same as agreement. |
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| the tendency to assume that one way of life is normal and superior to other ways of life |
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| granting forgiveness, putting asise our own needs, or helping another save face when no standard says we should or must do so |
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| interpersonal confirmation |
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expressed valuing of another person |
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| one of three orientations to conflict; assumes that everyone loses when conflict occurs |
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| conflict expressed directly and in a straightforward manner |
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| most basic level of interpersonal confirmation; the communication of awareness that another person exists and is present |
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| one of three orientations toward conflict assumes that any conflict; assumes that in any conflict one person wins and the others lose |
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| listening to analyze and evaluate the content of communication or the character of teh person speaking |
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