Term
| five myths about human communication |
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Definition
1. good communication is an in-born talent
2. communication has to be clear and unambiguous
3. communication breakdowns are the cause of misunderstandings and conflict
4. good communication is simple
5. good communication is the key to solving most problems in interpersonal relationships |
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Term
| roles played by communication in our life |
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Definition
1. establishing personal and social identities (shapes who we become)
2. developing interpersonal relationships (you cannot have a good relationship unless you can learn to communicate well with that person
3. coordinating our actions (serves to bridge otherwise isolated individuals |
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Term
| 3 characteristics of communication |
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Definition
1. dynamic
2. unrepeatable
3. irreversible |
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Term
| how is communication dynamic? |
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Definition
| interact with eachother, evolve over time, constantly changing, connected to past experiences and expectations in future |
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Term
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Definition
| every interaction has never happened before and will never happen again, it is not possible to say it again and have the same effect |
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Term
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Definition
| you cannot take back something that was already said, you cannot erase the effects of something that was already said |
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Term
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Definition
1. you cannot not communicate
2. interactions have content/relationship aspects
3. interactions are defined by the way people punctuate events
4. messages are verbal symbols/nonverbal cues
5. exchanges are symmetrical or complimentary |
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Term
| ethical responsibilities of receivers |
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Definition
1. listen mindfully (what is said and unsaid)
2. reasoned skepticism (ask questions, investigate claims)
3. healthy feedback ("speak up") |
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Term
| reasons to study intercultural com |
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Definition
1. increase contact
2. increase interdependence
3. increase conflict
4. increasy diversity within nations |
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Term
| individualism/collectivism |
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Definition
| extent to which one's personal identity is tied to their group identity |
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Term
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Definition
| highlight unique aspects, emphasize personal goals/personal accomplishments |
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Term
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Definition
| highlight group characteristics, emphasize group goals, downplay individual talents, team spirit |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which power differences are accepted as natural and legitimate |
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Term
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Definition
| everyone created equal, same worth, authority questioned |
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Term
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Definition
| position determines worth, authority is in the right, orders from above, titles |
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Term
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Definition
| culture is like an iceberg- most of it is hidden from view and can cause dangerous collisions. visible section (behaviors) rooted in values, beliefs, perceptions and assumptions that lie below the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of different forms of beliefs or religions |
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Term
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Definition
a primary influence on identity development
1. self images arise primarily from the ways others view them
2. how i see myself is developed through communication with others
3. interactions with parents and others shapes our early identity
4. the process is repeated with family, friends, teachers, acquaintances and strangers |
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Term
| particular (significant) others |
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Definition
| important people in our lives who influence aspects of our identity |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of roles, rules, norms, beliefs, and attitudes endorsed by our communities. you compare your appearance to those in the media and magazines |
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Term
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Definition
| how do i compare myself with others? through interactions, we learn what characteristics are valued or disdained by others. we evaluate ourselves by comparing ourselves to others |
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Term
| self fulfilling prophecies |
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Definition
when an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will.
1. form expectations of people or events
2. communicate those expectations with various cues
3. people respond to those cues by adjusting their behavior to match them
4. the expectation becomes true
5. creates a circle of self fulfilling prophecies |
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Term
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Definition
| fairly stable perceptions we have of ourselves, includes understandings of similarities/differences between ourselves and others, internal image of ourselves that affects our external/projected image |
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Term
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Definition
1. race
2. gender
3. ethnicity
4. age
5. nationality
6. religion
7. sexual identity
8. social class |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of selection, organization, and interpretation of the information we collect through our senses, happen concurrently and unconsciously |
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Term
| grouping (categorization) principles |
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Definition
| due to difficulty remembering everything, we tend to use groupings that represent larger categories of information or objects |
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Term
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Definition
| you are more likely to attribute your own negative behavior to external causes and your positive actions to internal states |
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Term
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Definition
| give our self more credit than is due when good things happen and accept too little responsibility when bad things happen |
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Term
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Definition
| give our self more credit than is due when good things happen and accept too little responsibility when bad things happen |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| we tend to attribute other's negative behavior to internal causes such as their personality and their positive behavior to external causes such as the situation |
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Term
| obstacles to healthy perception |
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Definition
1. power differences
2. culture differences
3. ethnocentrism (thinking your culture is better than others) |
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Term
| keys to improving perception |
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Definition
1. mindfulness
2. separate the facts from the inferences
3. perception checking (check with others to make sure your perceptions match theirs) |
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