Term
Plants are __________ organisms that have chlorophyll __________ & __________ carotenoids.
Their cell walls possess __________ and they store energy as __________.
All plants have a __________ __________, __________ for regulating gas exchange, and a __________ to prevent the plant from drying out / conserve water. |
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Definition
1) Multicellular
2) a & b
3) Cellulose
4) Starch
5) Cell plate
6) Stomata
7) Cuticle |
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Term
| __________ are tiny pores or opening on the surfaces of leaves and stems of almost all plants to facilitate gas exchange. |
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Definition
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Term
| The waxy __________ prevents plant surfaces from becoming wet and helps to prevent __________ (drying out). |
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Definition
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Term
| What do plants have that prevent water loss? |
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Definition
1) Waxy cuticle (prevents desiccation)
2) Flattened structure (to maximize surface area and prevent water loss)
3) Stomata (to facilitate gas exchange) |
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Term
| How do plants regulate gas exchange? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants typically experience an __________ of __________ during reproduction. |
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Definition
| 1) Alternation of generations |
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Term
__________ are sex organs that are __________.
The male gametangia - the __________ - produces sperm cells.
The female gametangia - the __________ - bears a single egg and hosts embryo development.
Gametangia possess __________ cells which provide support and protection to the structure. |
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Definition
1) Gametangia
2) Multicellular
3) Antheridia
4) Archegonium
5) Sterile |
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Term
| Vascular plants have __________ (transports water) and __________ (transport food) as vascular tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is a strengthening polymer found in the cell wall of __________ plants and plays a crucial part in conducting __________ in plant stems. |
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Definition
1) Lignin
2) Vascular
3) Water |
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Term
| Male gametangia are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Female gametangia are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Xylem functions to __________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Phloem functions to __________ __________. |
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Definition
| 1) Transport nutrients (food) |
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Term
| Lignin functions as a __________ __________ and also __________ __________. |
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Definition
1) Strengthening polymer
2) Conducts water |
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Term
| Do non-vascular plants have xylem and phloem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do non-vascular plants have lignin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Based on molecular comparisons of DNA and RNA sequences; chloroplast DNA, nuclear genes and RNA sequences, it has been determined that plants probably arose from a group of green algae called the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonvascular plants with a dominant gametophyte generation are called __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Mosses belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Liverworts belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hornworts belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ferns belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants with naked seeds are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Conifers belong to the Phylum |
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Definition
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Term
| Cycads belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ginkgoes belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gnetophytes belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Angiosperms or flowering plants belong to the Phylum __________. |
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Definition
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Term
Mosses are __________ and have a __________ dominant life cycle.
Unlike other land plants, mosses have no true __________, __________ or __________.
Most mosses have structures called __________ that attach the gametophyte to the soil and absorb water and minerals.
Mosses are also known as __________
When spores are released they can germinate and grow into a filament of cells called a __________ which superficially resembles a filamentous __________ __________; the __________ forms buds, each of which grow into a green gametophyte and the life cycle continues. |
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Definition
1) Nonvascular
2) Gametophyte
3) Roots, stems, or leaves
4) Rhizoids
5) Bryophytes
6) Protonema
7) Green algae
8) Protonema |
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Term
| Explain why mosses are gametophyte dominant. |
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Definition
| 1) The moss sporophyte generation is nutritionally dependent upon the gametophyte generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) A filament of cells that forms buds, each of which grows into a green gametophyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Root-like structures that attach the gametophytes to the soil and absorb water and minerals. |
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Term
| In which part does meiosis occur? |
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Definition
| 1) Meiosis occurs in the male gametangia, the antheridium. |
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Term
Liverworts are __________ and have a __________ dominant life cycle.
The body form of liverworts is a flattened, lobed structure called a __________ that is not differentiated into leaves, stems, or roots.
On the underside of the liverwort thallus are hairlike __________ that anchor the plant to the soil.
The life cycle of liverworts is very similar to that of mosses; however, the __________ is where the antheridium is found; likewise the __________ is where the archegonium is found.
Liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissues called __________ which are borne in a saucer-shaped structure called the __________ __________ directly on the liverwort thallus.
Gemmae are usually dispersed by splashing __________ and small __________.
Liverworts also reproduce asexually by __________ __________ and growth. |
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Definition
1) Nonvascular
2) Gametophyte
3) Thallus
4) Rhizoids
5) Antheridiophore
6) Archegoniophore
7) Gemmae
8) Gemmae cup
9) Raindrops
10) Animals
11) Thallus branching |
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Term
| Do mosses or liverworts have vascular tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protonema is found in __________; thallus is found in __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does meiosis occur? |
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Definition
1) In mosses, meiosis occurs within the capsule
2) In liverworts, meiosis occurs within the archegonium |
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Term
Ferns are __________ and have a __________ dominant life cycle.
Ferns are the largest and most diverse group of __________ vascular plants.
The fern sporophyte consists of a __________ that bear __________(leaves)
and true roots, all of which contain __________ tissue.
Leaves (__________) bear __________ in clusters called __________.
A __________ is a mature gametophyte which is 3-5 cells thick and is green and independent and bears both gametangia.
Ferns use water as a transport mechanism because they have __________ sperm cells. |
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Definition
1) Vascular
2) Sporophyte
3) Seedless
4) Rhizome
5) Fronds
6) Vascular
7) Fronds
8) Sporangia
9) Sori
10) Prothallus
110 Flagellate |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves of a fern where meiosis occurs (within sporangia). |
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Term
| Are ferns gametophyte or sporophyte dominant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) A sorus is a cluster of sporangia found on the underside of fronds. |
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Term
| Do club mosses and ferns have lignin? Do they have vascular tissues like xylem and phloem? |
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Definition
| 1) Club mosses and ferns have both lignin and vascular tissues (xylem and phloem). |
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Term
| Is the prothallus a gametophyte (n) or a sporophyte (2n) structure? |
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Definition
| 1) The prothallus is the only gametophyte (n) structure of the fern. |
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Term
In homospory, spores are produced by the same __________.
The spores produced by the __________ produce only one type of __________ on which will develop the gametangia which produce the sperm and eggs. |
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Definition
1) Sporophyte
2) Sporophyte
3) Gametophyte |
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Term
In heterospory, two different type of __________ each produce a type of spore (two separate types).
__________ are male spores produced by __________ contained within the __________ on the mature sporophyte.
__________ are female spores produced by __________ contained within the __________ on the female sporophyte. |
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Definition
1) Sporangia
2) Microspores
3) Microsporocyte
3) Microsporangia
4) Megaspores
5) Megasporocyte
6) Megasporangium |
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Term
In heterospory, female spores (__________) are produced by __________ contained within the __________ on the mature sporophyte.
Megaspores develop into the __________ which then produces __________. |
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Definition
1) Megaspores
2) Meiosis
3) Megasporangium
4) Megagametophyte
5) Eggs |
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Term
| See plants have __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most club mosses and most ferns have __________. |
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Definition
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