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a competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, especially between the US and the former Soviet Union during the Cold War
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the art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, typically in politics
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an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state |
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The Soviet Union enforced the collectivization of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascendancy of Joseph Stalin. The policy aimed to consolidate individual landholdings and labour into collective farms: mainly kolkhozy and sovkhozy.
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a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs
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the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence |
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A cult of personality arises when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods, to create an idealized, heroic, and at times worshipful, image, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.
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the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries |
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The Gang of Four was a quartet of political and economic radicals who emerged as powerbrokers during the Cultural Revolution. The most notable member of the gang was Jiang Qing or ‘Madame Mao’; others were career communists Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen. |
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| (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985 |
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| The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1961. |
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| the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989 |
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| Mutually Assured Destruction |
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| Mutual assured destruction, or MAD, is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender |
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| The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion (approximately $130 billion in current dollar value as of August 2015) in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War 2. |
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| Mujahideen (المجاهدين) is the plural form of mujahid (مجاهد), the term for one engaged in Jihad |
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| The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. |
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| Peaceful coexistence was a theory developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War in the context of primarily Marxist–Leninist foreign policy and was adopted by Soviet-influenced "Socialist states" that they could peacefully coexist with the capitalist bloc (i.e., non-socialist states). |
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| (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning. |
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| executive committee for a number of (usually communist) political parties |
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Samizdat was a key form of dissident activity across the Soviet bloc in which individuals reproduced censored publications by hand and passed the documents from reader to reader. This grassroots practice to evade officially imposed censorship was fraught with danger, as harsh punishments were meted out to people caught possessing or copying censored materials. |
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| The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines. |
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The Sino-Soviet split (1960–1989) was the deterioration of political and ideological relations between the neighboring states of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. |
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a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole |
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an independent trade union movement in Poland that developed into a mass campaign for political change and inspired popular opposition to communist regimes across eastern Europe during the 1980s. |
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The political term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control of another country; Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia
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| Designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations that are different from other areas in the same country. Moreover, these regulations tend to contain measures that are conducive to foreign direct investment. |
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| period of economic, political, and social stagnation (idleness) in the Soviet Union |
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| Large city square in the center of Beijing, China; student-led protests occuring there in the spring of 1989 and received broad support from city residents, exposing deep splits within China's political leadership |
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| American foreign policy to stop Soviet imperialism during the Cold War |
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| collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War; formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO |
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