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| Founded by Anti-Axis powers in 1945; headquarters in NYC; Designed to maintain international peace and security, and to encourage cooperative solutions to international problems |
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| Coined by Winston Churchill; Name for the transformation and split of eastern Europe into communist satellites of U.S.S.R. |
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| March 1947; Broad national policy to contain communism; Committed the U.S. to unprecedented involvement in global military and economic affairs |
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| June 1947; aka E.R.P.; Initiated by U.S. to provide any means of support for European countries rebuilding and resisting communism after the war |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization; aka Atlantic Alliance; April 4, 1949; Intergovernmental military alliance led by Eisenhower aimed to defend western European countries against Soviet aggression |
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| 1955; Military alliance of communist nations; Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union |
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| August 1968 Czechoslovakia; Revolution to Soviet military forces in the city. |
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| 1968; Soviet right to intervene in the name of "proletarian internationalism" in any communist country to protect socialism and prevent capitalism |
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| Signed March 25, 1957 but effective January 1, 1958; Established the European Economic Community (EEC); Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, West Germany |
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| Geneva Conference of 1954 |
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| U.S., S.U., France, U.K., China; Attempt to settle issues in Korea, unify Vietnam, and restore peace in Indochina |
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| Strategic Arms Limitations; 1972 (SALT 1) U.S. (Nixon) and Soviet leaders; |
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| Easing of hostilities between countries |
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| 1975; 35 nations pledged to work for peace, economic and cultural cooperation, and protection of human rights |
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| Common Agricultural Policy |
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| (CAP); 1962 agricultural policy of European Union that implemented subsidies and other programs |
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| 1993 Netherlands; Establishment of the European Union from the EEC |
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| The diplomatic, geopolitical, and ideological clash of interests between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. No open or direct military hostilities after 1945 |
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| 1963 banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere, underwater, and in space. Only testing permitted underground. France and China did not sign. |
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| 1968; designed to discourage the spread of nuclear weapons. 92 countries signed but not India or Pakistan |
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| Economic restructuring in Russia under Gorbachev |
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| Gorbachev's policy and practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information |
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| Independent movement in Poland that led to mass campaign for political change and opposition to communist regimes in eastern Europe in 1980s |
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| Nonviolent political revolution; Smooth change from communism to western-style democracy in Czechoslovakia at end of 1989 |
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| Sudden and dramatic change in national economic policy that turns a state-controlled economy into a free market one |
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| Commonwealth of Independent States |
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| 1991; the former constituent republics of the Soviet Union; Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. |
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| One of the three pillars of the European Union |
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| Economic and political union of 28 member states located in Europe. |
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