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| is a multinational sacrifice of air sovereignty to enhance military transparency and build confidence by permitting observation flights over almost the full territory of each signatory state:[Eisenhower proposed this in 1955, but the Soviets never agreed to it.] |
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| Khrushchev denounced Stalin on many of his points, took over, and tried to have the people forget about Stalin. It meant end to the role of large-scale forced laboring the economy. It was important because it was the end of Stalin, and extreme human rights violations, and softens some of the repressive measures. Also downgraded Stalin. |
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| an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by US [US-backed Cuban exiles] and Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro. This was important because it heightened tensions between Communist Cuba and the US, leading later to the Cuban missile crisis. 1961 |
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| the twelve day crisis in which the Soviet Union placed nuclear arms in Cuba to prevent another Bay of Pigs. They rationalized this action, saying we had arms in England and Turkey. This was significant because this could have meant a nuclear disaster, if proper negotiation had not occurred by Kennedy. [need a little more clarity about what Kennedy did that was praiseworthy] 1962. |
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| the twelve day crisis in which the Soviet Union placed nuclear arms in Cuba to prevent another Bay of Pigs. They rationalized this action, saying we had arms in England and Turkey. This was significant because this could have meant a nuclear disaster, if proper negotiation had not occurred by Kennedy. [need a little more clarity about what Kennedy did that was praiseworthy] 1962. |
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| the twelve day crisis in which the Soviet Union placed nuclear arms in Cuba to prevent another Bay of Pigs. They rationalized this action, saying we had arms in England and Turkey. This was significant because this could have meant a nuclear disaster, if proper negotiation had not occurred by Kennedy. [need a little more clarity about what Kennedy did that was praiseworthy] 1962. |
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| Able-Archer 83 –a ten day that e experiments conducted by NATO that simulated a coordinated nuclear release, It was important because it was an exercise that a completely realistic measure or European communication and command in the event to a nuclear war. In 1983 |
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| Missiles, response to soviet intermediate range that was placed in Eastern Europe, capable of reaching any west Europe. Began in 1977 |
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| STragtegic Arms Initiative |
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| U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. The initiative focused on strategic defense rather than the previous strategic offense doctrine of Mutual assured destruction (MAD) |
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| used to describe a period of high price inflation combined with slow output growth, high unemployment, or recession. It was important because it occurred during the Carter administration in the 1970’s and Supply-sided economics emerged as a response, ending the Breton Woods System. |
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| - Carter which authorized American strategic forces to switch to a counterforce strategy, targeting nuclear weapons in their silos, indicating a dangerous shift in nuclear policy from deterrence to one of a first-strike. |
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| Carter’s secretary of state, believed vigorously in détente, tried to build stability into relationship. He was important because he sought to secure permanent arms agreements with the Soviet Union. |
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| Brezhnev’s successor. He was important because this weak leader came at a time of political and economical weakness and instability, giving Reagan the advantage to push the Soviets to the test. |
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| three different types of nuclear delivery systems used by the United States to ensure the “survivability” of its nuclear forces: ICBMs, sub-launched missiles, and bombers. Significance might have to do with the difference between the US triad and the Soviet reliance on heavy bombers. |
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| classified report written in1950 by Paul Nitze (U.S. director of policy planning) and issued during the presidency of Harry Truman. Report argued that Soviet Union had a systematic strategy aimed at the spread of Communism across the world and recommended that the U.S. government adopt a policy of Containment to stop the further damage. It is important because containment strategy was inspired by George F. Kennan and his “long telegram”. This document was also known as the “blueprint” for U.S. foreign policy and shaped the government’s actions for the next 20 years. |
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| signed by President Harry Truman in 1947 which updated the United States Armed Forces, foreign policy, and intelligence community after WWII. It merged the Department of War with Dep. of Navy headed by a Sec. of Defense. Created Department of Air Force, CIA, and the National Security Council. It is important because along with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, it was one of the main components of the Truman administration’s Cold War strategy. |
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| significant political figure during the early Cold War era and author of War or Peace. He is important because his book criticized American policy of containment, and instead called for a policy of “liberation.” Dulles criticized President Truman’s actions during the Cold War and when Eisenhower took office in 1953 he was appointed Secretary of State. |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed early during the Cold War with the aim of defending Western Europe against a military invasion by the Soviet Union. |
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| communist leader of North Korea from 1948 until his death. Launched attack in 1950 on anti-communist, capitalist South Korea with intentions to unify the country under communist government. U.S. government believed Joseph Stalin influenced this decision and the Republic of China was supporting North Korea as well. Sung was almost successful until U.N. and U.S. forced drove him out of the South and till this day a merge has not occurred due to differences in government beliefs. |
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| the alleged discrepancy between the number/power of weapons in the USSR and U.S. ballistic missile arsenals during the Cold War due to the exaggerated estimates by the Gaither Committee and United States Air Force in the early 1960’s. It is an important term used commonly during the Kennedy ad Eisenhower administration. The paranoia of who had the most weapons led to the space race and an arms race between the U.S and the Soviets. |
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| plan initiated by President John F. Kennedy aimed to establish economic cooperation between North and South America. Important because U.S. aid to Latin America was intended to counter the perceived communist threat from Cuba to U.S. interests and dominance in the region. |
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| American business executive who served under John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson as Secretary of Defense from 1961-1968. Important because major influence on countering communists “wars of national liberation” and rejected former policy of flexible response and instead made decision to increase the nation’s warfare capabilities. |
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| influential government official who served as Secretary of State under President Harry Truman. He is important, because played a major role on U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War by constructing the framework for containment and played a central role in creating Lend Lease, Marshall Plan, and NATO. |
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| first President of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam).Important figure who held close ties with the U.S. by accepting support during North Korea’s invasion, but retained policies that were independent from the U.S. |
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| American spy-plane that was shot down over the Soviet Union. Purpose of plane was to photograph ICBM development sites; it was significant because it worsened East-West relations during the Cold War, the Paris Summit between Dwight Eisenhower and Nikita Khrushev collapse, in large part to Eisenhower refusing to apologize over the incident. |
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| also known as the “Cuba Project” initiated by John F. Kennedy and is the general name for CIA covert operation against the communist government of Fidel Castro in Cuba. Important because it played a significant role in events leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and its main purpose was to overthrow the Communist regime through plans of assassinating government officials and giving support to rebels. |
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| Vietnamese revolutionary who became Prime Minister and President of North Vietnam. Important figure that operated Vietnam as a communist country. This caused much controversy including executions of over 900,000 civilians unwilling to comply with rules and the large migration from the North to the South. |
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| Act signed in Helsinki, Finland between Soviet Union and U.S. which recognized the postwar frontiers in eastern and central Europe, which legitimized Soviet hegemony over the region. In return, Soviet’s agreed that "participating States will respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion." |
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| last leader of the Soviet Union serving until its collapse in 1991. Significant figure whose political initiatives were positive for democracy and freedom and ended the communist party along with the Soviet Union. This in art was due to severe economic issues. |
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| ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982. Very important figure supported North Vietnam in the Vietnam War and signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty marking the beginning of the “détente” era. The high point of Brezhnev’s “détente” era was the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975. |
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| term used to describe the free market economic policies of President Ronald Reagan. Reagan entered office during a period of high inflantation and unemployment, which resulted in his campaign promise (Reagonomics) to have two roots: lower taxes and a smaller government. |
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| also known as the RT-21M Pioneer which was a medium-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead deployed by the Soviet Union. Important because it provided the Soviets with an in-theater “Selective” targeting capability that it previously had lacked and posed a major threat due to its ability to destroy virtually every NATO base, and weapon storage site. Launched beginning in 1978 |
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| government official who served as United States National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981. Important figure who is a foreign policy realist and is considered to be the Democratic response to Henry Kissinger, also a realist. Major foreign policy events during his office include normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China, and the signing of the Salt II arms control treaty with the Soviet Union. |
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