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| Soviet-Japan Neutrality Pact |
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| a pact between the Empire of Japan and the Soviet Union signed on April 13, 1941, two years after the brief Soviet-Japanese Border War (1939). |
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| August 9-10 The Atlantic Charter was an agreement made by Roosevelt and Churchill, which set goals for the postwar world. It agreed to seek no territorial gain from the war. It was made to keep "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live", and "a permanent system of general security". |
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| American president during WWII |
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The Cairo Declaration was the outcome of the Cairo Conference in Cairo, Egypt, on November 27, 1943. President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek
The Allies resolved to bring unrelenting military pressure against Japan until it agrees to unconditional surrender.
All territories Japan has stolen from China, such as Manchuria (Dongbei), Formosa (Taiwan), and the Pescadores (Penghu), shall be restored to the Republic of China.
Korea shall be free and independent.
Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed. |
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| meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943, most of which was held at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first World War II conference amongst the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was present. It almost immediately followed the Cairo Conference (November 22–26, 1943) and was followed by the Yalta Conference (February 4–11, 1945) and the Potsdam Conference (July 17 - August 2, 1945). The central aim of the Tehran conference was to plan the final strategy for the war against Nazi Germany and its allies, and the chief discussion was centered on the opening of a second front in Western Europe. |
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| Agreed to be opened by US and UK at Teheran Conferance, although they delayed this for 2 years |
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| Operation Downfall was the overall Allied plan for the invasion of Japan near the end of World War II. The operation was cancelled when Japan surrendered after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan. The operation had two parts: Operation Olympic and Operation Coronet. Set to begin in October 1945, Operation Olympic was intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island, Kyūshū, with the recently captured island of Okinawa to be used as a staging area. Later, in spring 1946, Operation Coronet was the planned invasion of the Kantō plain, near Tokyo, on the Japanese island of Honshū. Airbases on Kyūshū captured in Operation Olympic would allow land-based air support for Operation Coronet. |
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| President after FDR, ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb and enacted the marshall plan |
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| Truman appointed Byrnes as Secretary of State on July 3, 1945.[13] He played a major role at the Potsdam Conference, the Paris Peace Conference, and other major postwar conferences. According to historian Robert H. Ferrell, Byrnes knew little more about foreign relations than Truman. He made decisions after consulting a few advisors, such as Donald S. Russell and Benjamin V. Cohen, and Byrnes and his small group paid little attention to the department and similarly ignored the president.[14] |
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| Hopkins had a major voice in policy for the vast $50 billion Lend Lease program, especially regarding supplies, first for Britain and then (upon the German invasion) the USSR. He went to Moscow in July 1941 to make personal contact with Joseph Stalin. Hopkins recommended, and the president accepted, the inclusion of the Soviets in Lend Lease. |
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| Japanese Emperor during WWII |
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| Throughout the war, Tōgō was among those who doubted that Japan could succeed in a war with the United States. As a result, he endorsed a more reconciliatory policy towards the western powers. As part of this policy, he announced on January 21, 1942 that the Japanese government shall uphold the Geneva Convention even though did not sign it.[1] On September 1, 1942, resigned his post as Foreign Minister due to his opposition to establish a special ministry for occupied territories within the Japanese government (the new ministry was eventually established in November of that same year). Throughout most of the war, he lived in retirement. Upon the formation of the government of Admiral Kantarō Suzuki in April 1945, was again appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. In that position, he was one of the chief proponents for acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration which, he felt, contained the best conditions for peace Japan could hope to be offered. Up until the last, he hoped for favorable terms from the Soviet Union. At Tōgō's suggestion, no official response was made to the Declaration at first, though a censored version was released to the Japanese public, while Tōgō waited to hear from Moscow. However, Allied leaders interpreted this silence as a rejection of the Declaration, and so bombing was allowed to continue. |
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| He had served as the last Imperial Japan’s Ambassador to the U.S.S.R. before the Soviet invasion of Manchuria since 1942 upon the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Shigenori Tōgō. As Minister, he worked hard to avert war at the Imperial Diet. Allegedly, one of his missions as Japan’s Ambassador to the U.S.S.R. is to seek peace with the Allies through the assistance of the U.S.S.R. due to Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact under bad war conditions for Imperial Japan. However, Satō judged and reported to Tokyo that it was unlikely that the U.S.S.R. would assist Imperial Japan, because it was highly likely that Imperial Japan would lose the war, and urged it to end the war as early as possible. He was invited to the Kremlin by the U.S.S.R. Foreign Minister, Vyacheslav Molotov, on August 8, 1945, and received a declaration of war against Imperial Japan. |
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The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact governed Soviet-German relations until June 1941 when Hitler, having occupied France and neutralised Britain, turned east and attacked the Soviet Union. Molotov was also responsible for telling the Soviet people of the attack, when he announced the war, instead of Joseph Stalin. His speech, broadcast by radio on June 22, played in Russia a role similar to Winston Churchill's wartime speeches in Britain.
Following the invasion, Molotov conducted urgent negotiations with Britain and, later, the United States for wartime alliances. Via Pe-8 bomber he travelled over the frontline to London and Washington in May 1942. The flight over territories occupied by Germany, scanned by AAA's and Luftwaffe, was so difficult and dangerous, that Molotov's pilot, Endel Puusepp, was made Hero of the Soviet Union for completing it. Upon arrival Molotov signed the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of Alliance and also secured Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill's agreement to create a "second front" in Europe.
Molotov accompanied Stalin to the Teheran Conference in 1943, the Yalta Conference in 1945 and the Potsdam Conference in the same year, which followed the defeat of Germany. He represented the Soviet Union at the San Francisco Conference, which created the United Nations. Even during the period of wartime alliance, Molotov was known as a tough negotiator and determined defender of Soviet interests. In this he was carrying out Stalin's wishes. |
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