Term
____ =
Process of organizing and interpreting the information about the outside world that is available
from sense organs; Combines aspects of both the environment as well as the individual’s previous experience. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| perceptual modalities include: ____, ____, ____, ____, ___. |
|
Definition
| vision, audition, touch, smell, taste |
|
|
Term
| Beyond the primary visual cortex, two main pathways can be identified: the ____ stream and the ____ stream. |
|
Definition
| dorsal stream and ventral stream |
|
|
Term
the ___ stream:
1. Goes up into the parietal lobes
2. Important in processing spatial information
3. The “Where?” or “Vision for action” stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the ___ stream:
1. Goes down into the temporal lobes
2. Processes information that leads to the recognition and identification of objects
3. The “What?” or “Vision for perception” strea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in feed-____ activity:
-initial signals of receptors sent to neurons and then passed on to the higher levels in the processing hierarchy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in feed-_____ activity:
- neural signals passed from higher to the lower levels in the processing hierarchy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Photoreceptor --> Ganglion cell --> LGN --> V1 -->V2
This is an example of feed-___activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
V2 --> V4 and V4 -->V2, V4 --> V1, V2 --> V1 etc...
This is an example of feed-___ activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____ processing=
Sensory stimulation of the system:Light strikes retina; soundwaves make eardrum vibrate
Neurophysiology: like feed-forward activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____ processing=
Previous knowledge, memory and expectations affecting what is being perceived
Neurophysiology: like feedback activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damage to V5/MT results in ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| area of the brain where cells respond to specific direction/speed of motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damage to V4 results in ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| area of the brain where specialized compartments that separately process colors and conjunctions of lines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| area of the brain where specialized compartments that separately process colors and line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are the building blocks of perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ says: Whole is more than sum of its part |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____ _____:
-help us perceive occluded objects
-explain illusory contours and neon color spreading phenomenon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the _____ ____ touches upon all sensory modalities
example: How do we know that the moving mouth and sound we’re hearing belong to the same or different people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is an active, flexible, ever-changing process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____ ____ demonstrate that our brain is always striving for simplicity, stability,
regularity in organization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ = is the process of matching representations of organized sensory input to stored representations in memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a challenge in object recognition -
____ _____ =
The same 3-D object can be viewed from an infinite number of angles and distances, which results in 2-D retinal images that vary in size, orientation or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a challenge in object recognition -
___ =
Any object category consists of many possible examples
How do we know that items below belong to the same general category |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_______ ____ (__D)
a. Match whole image to a stored representation of the whole object
b. No neurophysiological support
c. Current models can deal with
-Size variations
-Rotations
-Stretching
-Used with fingerprints, barcodes, image editing software |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____ ____ model (__D)
a. Extract important or discriminating features from an image and match them with known features
of objects
b. Here features are not colors, lines as in previous lecture but combinations of these basic features
that make up a distinguishing part of an object
c. Information processing is parallel (Occurs at the same time)
d. Information processing is distributed (Occurs in different neural areas)
e. Neurophysiological support for lines/colors and their conjunctions but not specific letters/words (Mostly used with written language) |
|
Definition
| feature matching model (2D) |
|
|
Term
____ __ ____ (__D)
a. Represents 3D structure of objects by specifying their parts and spatial relations among parts
b. Geons --> viewpoint invariant: can be identified or distinguished from any angle
c. Limited neurophysiological support: Some neurons in the ventral stream, in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), are view invariant
d. Explains man-made objects best but faces problems with natural objects (animals, faces etc.) |
|
Definition
| recognition by components (3D) |
|
|
Term
____ models (__D)
a. Distinguish between objects that share the same basic parts and overall structure by coding each exemplar according to how it deviates from the average or prototypical object
b. Relative sizes and distances between parts of objects make them unique
c. Takes care of exemplars: We pick up on unique features
d. Best model for face recognition
e. Neurophysiological evidence conflicting (face recognition research) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ represent the class of objects that are processed most holistically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____represent the class of objects that are processed in most feature-based (part by part) fashion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Face and object recognition processes are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
