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| ___ is the study of psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language |
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| psycholinguistics is a combinations of the study of ___ and ____ |
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| mental processes and the study of language and language stuctures |
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| ___ is defined as the sum of knowledge that someone has about the structure of his/her language |
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| ____ = unconscious feeling of if language feels "right" or "wrong' |
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| 5 levels of language representations include: |
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| discourse, syntax, words, morphemes,and phonemes |
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| this level of language representation tells us the meaning of a sentence |
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| level of language representation: ______ = a coherent group of sentences that includes meaning of sentences beyond individual words; implicit qualities and/or additional info not explicitly said in a sentence |
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| level of language representation: ____ = generates inferences - there is implicit info in the sentence. |
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| level of language representation :___ explains how we can read the sentence "the chef burned the noodles" and infer that the chef is incompetent |
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| level of language representation: ___ = relies on short term/working and/or long term memory to make inferences |
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| level of language representation: ___ = the gramatical arrangement of words into a sentence or phrase that specifies the relationship between types of words in a sentence |
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| level of language representation: ___ = enables us to construct and understand novel sentences by connecting words in an infinite # of phrases and phrases in an infinite # of sentences |
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| syntax impairment is because of |
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| broca's aphasia / nonfluent/ agramatical |
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the following symptoms describe _____
- telegraphic speech; cannot pick up on relationships between words while still knowing what the words by themselves mean, difficulty with complex syntactic sentences |
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| difficulty in relating discourse and syntactic levels of language representation is a sign of impairment in the____ |
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| aphasia has to do with ____ and apraxia has to do with ____ |
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| level of language representation: ___= made up of morphemes |
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| level of language representation: ___ = smallest unit of meaning in language |
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| level of language representation: ___ = make up words |
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| level of language representation: ____ = made up of phenomes |
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| the, and, then are examples of ___ |
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| anything that gives you more information about the word like a tense or plurality: ending in -ed or -ing or -s |
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| ____ morphemes convey meaning but do not indicate anything about structure of sentence |
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| ____ morphemes convey little meaning but contain info about syntactic structure of sentence |
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| fluent/wernicke's aphasia is due to damage to the ____ |
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| left parietal temporal lobe and often underlying white matter |
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the following are symptoms are those of ____:
fluent but meaningless speech, speech is typically grammatical phrases have noun, verbs in correct places, generation and comprehension of content morphemes is impaired |
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| impairment at word and morpheme levels of language representations is indicative of ____ |
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| fluent/ wernicke's aphasia |
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| level of language representation: ___ = the smallest distinguishable units of speech sound that make up the morphemes |
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| spelling is not a precise enough system for representing speech sounds because: |
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| the same letters could make different sounds in different languages and there are always exceptions to the rule, even in the same language |
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| in the _____ speech sounds of all languages can be represented, independent of how they are spelled in any word or writing system |
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| ___ is the entire set of mental representations of words |
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| ___ includes word meanings, how and when words are used, and networks between words |
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| _____ explains relations between different types of language processes and different levels of language representations |
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| triangle model of lexicon |
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in the triangle model of lexicons:
___ language relates spelling to speech sound and spelling to meaning |
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in the triangle model of lexicons:
____language relates speech sound to meaning |
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| perceiving spoken language |
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in the triangle model of lexicons:
Meaning of language relates ______ |
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| meaning to speech sound or spelling - especially when producing language |
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in the triangle model of lexicons:
mapping occurs between ____ |
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| between one level of language representation to another (discourse, morphemes, phenomes) |
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the following are examples of ____:
Sound
Word meaning/spelling vs pronunciation
Phrase meaning |
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| processes contribute to resolution of most language ambiguities |
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| articulation and coarticulation are involved in ____ |
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| ___ is the production of speech sounds |
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| ___ is when phonemes sound differently based on surrounding phonemes |
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| speech perception relies on what? |
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| bottom-up and top-down processing |
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| when you see a mouth moving but the movements don't match the sound you hear ( like in old kung-fu movies) |
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| knowledge about phonemes is not helpful when____ |
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| dealing with a foreign language |
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| the phoneme restoration effect has to do with what? |
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| Integration of bottom up and top down processes occurs ____ |
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| ___ processing considers “intact” phonemes & context |
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| ___ processing involves activating a cohort and evidence of the cohort |
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| ____ is the number of possible words |
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| the ___ effect says We are faster to recognize words that have few “neighbors” than words that have a lot of “neighbors” |
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in reading there are 2 routes to meaning:
___ > meaning & ____> _____> meaning |
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| written word > meaning & written word > sound > meaning |
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| _____ effect happens when letter are more easily recognized in the context of a word than alone or after processing a sentence |
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| _____ effect demonstrates the importance of interaction between top down and bottom up processing |
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(reading and the brain)
the ___ system has to do with spelling> meaning |
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reading adn the brain
___ system has to do with spelling> phonology > meaning |
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| a ___ is when the eyes pause on individual words or pairs of words. these fixations last .25-.5 second. readers fixate on an average of %68 of words (content 83% and function 38%) |
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| damage to the ____ area of the brain impairs certain category word knowledge (perceptual and functional aspects of objects |
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| damage to left or bilateral temporal lobe |
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| what shape or color is a banana? is an example of a ___ aspect |
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| what can you do with a banana? is an example of a ____ aspect |
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| sentence comprehension relies on ____ and ___ |
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| a garden path sentence has ___ ambiguities |
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| a ____ happens when word selection and sentence structuring occur at the same time |
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| freudian slip or word-order error |
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| the tip-of -the -tongue phenomenon is a ___ error (trouble translating words into sounds) |
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| 2 important factors if bilingualism: |
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| age of language acquisition and the amount of exposure |
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| in comparrison (bilingual or monolingual) children have smaller vocabulary, slower learning or syntax, and more frequent tip of the tongue |
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| ___ says each language is represented by a single system |
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| ___ says each language is represented by an independent system |
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| broca's area deals with language ____ |
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| wernicke's area deals with language ___ |
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