Term
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Definition
| inability to initiate spontaneous movement |
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Term
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Definition
| rare disorder of motor function in which patients feel as if one of their limbs usually hand, does not belong to them, either because it seems to move on its own, does not obey them or makes involuntary and complex movements, or seems to have its own personality |
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Term
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Definition
| - inability to link skilled motor movement to ideas or representations, inability to perform skilled, sequential, purposeful movement that cannot be accounted for by disruptions in more basic motor processes such as muscle weakness, abnormal posture or tone, or movement disorders, most common after damage to the left hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
- colplex collection of subcortical nuclei located near the thalamus, consisting of the stiatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus
-important in motor control |
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Term
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Definition
| - slowness of movement, one of the motor symptoms often observed in individuals with parkinsons disease |
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Term
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Definition
| -region at the back of the brain, located posterior to the medulla that plays a major role in motor control throught the regulation of muscle toneand guidance of motor activity, especially important in the coordination of muscle movement timing, the planning of movements and the learning of motor skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| -symptoms of parkinsons disease that causes limbs to move in specific, rigid steps, rather then moving smoothly, occurs because of increased muscle tone in the extensor and flexor muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| - type of dementia characterized by a decline in memory and many other aspects of cognitive function, including at least one of the following language, visuospatial skills, abstract thinking, motor performance, and judgment. emotional dysfunctional and personality changes are also typically observed |
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Term
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Definition
| - loss of memory that is global with regard to modality and material, inability to form most new long term memories |
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Term
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Definition
| - deposits consisting of aluminum silicate and amyloid peptides, often including tau protein and apolipoprotein E, implicated in alzheimers disease and believed to cause vascular damage and neuronal cell loss |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to find any pleasure in life, characteristic of depression |
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Term
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Definition
| - deficit in learning new information, after the onset of an injury causing amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
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-difficulty in forming a percept( mental impression of something perceived by the senses)
-although sensory information is processed in a basic way the data cannot be bound together to allow the person to receive a meaningful whole
-the person can tell color brightness line orientation and motion but can not out these things together as a whole
-this and 7415
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Term
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Definition
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-Basic visual information can be integrated to form a meaningful perceptual whole
-yet that particular perceptual whole cannot be linked to stored knowledge about the object
-can see and copy an image but can not copy the image from memory, but they can give a definition, they can even find identical objects from a set of similar objects
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Term
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Definition
| disorder in which depression is interspersed between periods of mania, or mania alone- also known as manic depression |
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Term
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Definition
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-Area in the retina where there are no photo receptors
-the point at which the ganglion cell fibers are gathered together in a bundle to exit the eye at the optic nerve
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Term
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Definition
| -brain damage sustained when the head forcefully contacts another objects, such as occurs in falls and motor vehicle accients, but no object penetrates the brain |
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Term
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Definition
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Spiral shaped inner ear structure containing the organ of corti that contains hair cells that translate sound energy into neural impulses,
-has a set of membranes that move in relation to one another when sound waves enter the ear
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - focal damage opposite the site of impact |
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Term
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Definition
| focal damage at the site of impact |
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Term
| creutzfeldt-jakob disease (mad cow) |
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Definition
| -rare cortical dementia with rapid mental deterioration also know as spongiform encephalopathy, caused by transmissible protein agents known as prions that result in widespread neuronal loss and a proliferation of glial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
- memory test inwhich the person is given prompts to help him or her remeber information that was previously encoded.
- given a list of words and a half hour later asked to list all the words the began with the letter b |
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Term
| declarative memory system |
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Definition
| - memory system, supported by the hippocampus, that allows particular information to be used flexibly in contexts not linked to the situation in which the information was acquied |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment in which electrodes are implanted deep within the brain to administer electrical current that modulates activity in the targeted brain region, had been used for Parkinson disease and severe depression |
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Term
| developmental prosopagnosia |
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Definition
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-Condition of being face blind from birth without any known brain damage
-they build up other ways and strategies to recognize people like voices and style of movement
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Term
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Definition
| mild state of chronic depression lasting at least two years |
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Term
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Definition
| -autobiographical memories that are specific to ones experience of a particular epsidoe, includes context about the time, space, and emotion associated with that event |
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Term
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Definition
| in fear conditioning paradigms process by which acquired fears are later lost through the de-coupling of neutral stimulus from the stimulus that elicits fear |
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Term
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Definition
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-Neural module in the ventral visual processing stream -brodmann 18 area in occipitotemporal cortex, responds preferentially to human bodies and body parts
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Term
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Definition
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-Visual process by which an object is distinguished from its background and surroundings
-color of a car against a brick building
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Term
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Definition
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-Region in the retina where the cones are packed more densely
-provides for the highest degree of visual activity
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Term
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Definition
| - memory test in which a person is asked to recall previously encoded information without any cues or prompts |
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Term
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Definition
| - communication of synchronization of activity between brain regions that allows the regions to work together in service of a task |
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Term
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Definition
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Located in fusiform gyrus that responds preferentially to human bodies and body parts
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Term
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Definition
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Located in fusiform gyrus that exhibits a greater response to faces then to other objects
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Term
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Definition
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-The retinas output layer of cells
-sends information from the eye to the brain
-axons are stretched from the retina to the brain forming the optic nerve
-rods and cones are hooked up to this layer in different ways, many rods feed into each ganglion cell, but only a few cones feed into each cell
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| - free-floating chrinic experience of anxiety that is not tied to any specific triggering event or object |
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Term
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Definition
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-Neural pathway
- enables the conscious experience of seeing
-90% of the optic nerve fibers project to this
-able to perceive color, and fine details we use to recognize the identity of objects
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Term
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Definition
| - tool for assessing level of consciousness, which evaluates three realms of functioning, visual responsiveness, motor capabilities and verbal responsiveness, widely used in emergency rooms to classify the severity of damage to someone who has just had a head injury |
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Term
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Definition
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-Cells in the inner ear that have tiny hairs called cilia sticking out of them
-movement of the cilia in response to sound vibrations ultimately causes the cell to shoot action potentials
-the axon of the hair cells synapse on spiral ganglion cells, which make up the auditory nerve
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Term
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Definition
- hypoactivation of front regions, often observed in people with schizophrenia
-reduced activation |
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Term
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Definition
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-One of the two dorsal midbrain structures
-acts as a relay point for auditory information
-contributes to reflexive movements of the head and eyes in response to sound
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Term
| lateral geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
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-Complex layered structure in the thalamus
-receives visual information from the retina and sends information on to the striate cortex
-6 layers stacked into bent into a knee shape
-each layer receives information from the contra lateral visual field consisting of the left and right eye
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Term
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Definition
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-Retinal cells
-form functional pathways with similarly named cells in the thalamus
-receives input primarily rods
-sensitive to light ,moving stimuli ,coarse patterns
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Term
| medial geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
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-Structure in the thalamus
-acts as a stopover point in the pathway relaying auditory information to the cortex
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Term
| mild cognitive impairment |
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Definition
| - cognitive decline with aging that is greater that is typical for a persons age, but not of sufficient severity to warrant a diagnosis of dementia, may be a precursor to alzheimers disease |
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Term
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Definition
| -absence of normal behavior that is characterisitc of individuals with schizophrenia, catatonia, flat affect |
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Term
| neurodevelopmental hypothesis |
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Definition
| - theory regarding the etiology of schizophrenia, argues that neural functions are subtly altered early in life, leaving a person with a vulnerable neural organization that may lead to emergence of the disorder after puberty or at the onset of young adulthood |
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Term
| obsessive compulsive disorder |
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Definition
| -syndrome in which the afflicated person has obsessive thoughts, usually about harm, and copes with that anxiety by engaging in repeated compulsive actions inteneded to ward off negative outcome |
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Term
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Definition
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-Retinal cells
-form functional pathways with similarly named cells in the thalamus
-receives input primarily from cones
-sensitive to color and fine detail
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Term
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Definition
| - repeated attacks with sensations of extreme bodily hyperarousal, dizziness, shortmess of breath, elevated heart rate, and sense of losing control, may be associated with fear of specific situation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- in schizophrenia excesses of distortions in normal behavior
-delusions, hallucinations |
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