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cognitive development, information processing, ladder of inference, cognitive distortions, reflection |
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Cognitive development (3 things) |
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expertise, wisdom, creativity |
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10 years, or 10,000 hours to become an expert in a certain type of field, it’s a practice |
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people that are wise, high personal and interpersonal confidence, the ability to listen, self-transcendence, reflective, creative, wealthy experience |
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o convergent thinking- faced with a problem and you find a solution to that specific problem (helpful when problem is given in a highly structed way)
o divergent thinking- all the possible solutions to a problem , there is really no one right answer to life’s most complex problems
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Cognitive growth is based upon (three things) |
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1.) our ability to stay open
2.) our commitment to learn from experience
3.) Our willingness to accept discomfort and uncertainty |
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3 things associated with cognitive development |
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1.) schema
2.) assimilation
3.) accommodation |
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internal cognitive structures that we construct to organize or interpret our experiences |
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l when we interpret new experiences in terms of existing schema
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l when we modify existing schema to better fit new experiences
Step outside of our own experiences and internal working model and be open to a completely new idea
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take action (i.e- I think obama’s policy is dead wrong)
-draw conclusions (i.e- this is how I interpret some of the data, and this is why I say that obama’s health care plan will not be effective)
-interpret the data
-select data
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Who thought of cognitive distortions? |
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What are the 6 components? |
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1.) overgeneralization
2.)all-or-nothing thinking
3.) catastrophizing
4.) personalizatin
5.) emotional reasoning
6.) mind reading |
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Term
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You make a sweeping negative conclusion that goes far beyond the current situation. Example: “[Because I felt uncomfortable at the meeting] I don’t have what it takes to make friends.” |
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(also called black-and-white, polarized, or dichotomous thinking. You view a situation in only two categories instead of on a continuum. Example: “If I’m not a total success, I’m a failure.” |
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Catastrophizing (also called fortune telling) |
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You predict the future negatively without considering other, more likely outcomes. Example: “I’ll be so upset, I won’t be able to function at all.” |
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You believe others are behaving negatively because of you, without considering more plausible explanations for their behavior. Example: “The repairman was curt to me because I did something wrong.” |
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You think something must be true because you “feel” (actually believe) it so strongly, ignoring or discounting evidence to the contrary. Example: “I know I do a lot of things okay at work, but I still feel like I’m a failure.” |
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You believe you know what others are thinking, failing to consider other, more likely possibilities. Example: “He’s thinking that I don’t know the first thing about this project.” |
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l involves active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it and the further consequences to which it leads" (Dewey, 1933, p. 9)
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The seven steps to becoming a reflective person |
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1.) asking why
2.) finding patterns
3.) reading voraciously
4.) taking time for contemplation
5.) examining your own behavior
6.) confronting excuses
7.) defining your professional mission |
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The reflective person is inquisitive. |
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Being reflective means investing time and energy into trying to synthesize experiences, integrate knowledge, and bring together discrepant variables. |
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The reflective person, in order to make sense of things, must know about many different areas. |
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Taking time for contemplation |
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Solitude is a necessity for the reflective person. |
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Examining your own behavior |
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Being reflective means considering the impact of your own behavior on others and accepting responsibility for the consequences of your actions. |
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If things are not going the way you would like them to, rather than blaming others or making excuses, the reflective person prefers to take possession of the problem. |
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Defining your professional mission- |
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Being reflective means infusing your personal curiosity and truth-seeking values into your professional identity. |
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To become reflective and generative |
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Reflective critical thinker- |
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-competent problem solver
-deep and complex thinker |
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– Caring toward others
– Commitment to the common good
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