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Cognitive development
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32
Anthropology
4th Grade
11/10/2009

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Cards

Term
Agenda  (5 things)
Definition
cognitive development, information processing, ladder of inference, cognitive distortions, reflection 
Term
Cognitive development (3 things)
Definition
expertise, wisdom, creativity 
Term
expertise
Definition
10 years, or 10,000 hours to become an expert in a certain type of field, it’s a practice 
Term
Wisdom 
Definition
people that are wise, high personal and interpersonal confidence, the ability to listen, self-transcendence, reflective, creative, wealthy experience 
Term

      creativity

Definition

o   convergent thinking- faced with a problem and you find a solution to that specific problem (helpful when problem is given in a highly structed way)

o   divergent thinking- all the possible solutions to a problem , there is really no one right answer to life’s most complex problems 

Term
Cognitive growth is based upon (three things)
Definition

1.) our ability to stay open

2.) our commitment to learn from experience

3.) Our willingness to accept discomfort and uncertainty 

Term
3 things associated with cognitive development 
Definition

1.) schema

2.) assimilation

3.) accommodation 

Term
Schema
Definition
internal cognitive structures that we construct to organize or interpret our experiences 
Term
assimilation 
Definition

l when we interpret new experiences in terms of existing schema

Term
accommodation
Definition

l when we modify existing schema to better fit new experiences

Step outside of our own experiences and internal working model and be open to a completely new idea

Term
Ladder of Inference
Definition

take action (i.e- I think obama’s policy is dead wrong)

-draw conclusions (i.e- this is how I interpret some of the data, and this is why I say that obama’s health care plan will not be effective)

-interpret the data

-select data 

Term
information processing
Definition
Term
Who thought of cognitive distortions?
Definition
Beck 
Term
What are the 6 components?
Definition

1.) overgeneralization

2.)all-or-nothing thinking

3.) catastrophizing

4.) personalizatin

5.) emotional reasoning 

6.) mind reading 

Term
overgeneralization
Definition
You make a sweeping negative conclusion that goes far beyond the current situation. Example: “[Because I felt uncomfortable at the meeting] I don’t have what it takes to make friends.” 
Term
all-or-nothing thinking 
Definition
(also called black-and-white, polarized, or dichotomous thinking.  You view a situation in only two categories instead of on a continuum. Example: “If I’m not a total success, I’m a failure.” 
Term
Catastrophizing (also called fortune telling) 
Definition
You predict the future negatively without considering other, more likely outcomes. Example: “I’ll be so upset, I won’t be able to function at all.” 
Term
Personalization
Definition
You believe others are behaving negatively because of you, without considering more plausible explanations for their behavior. Example: “The repairman was curt to me because I did something wrong.” 
Term
Emotional reasoning
Definition
You think something must be true because you “feel” (actually believe) it so strongly, ignoring or discounting evidence to the contrary. Example: “I know I do a lot of things okay at work, but I still feel like I’m a failure.” 
Term
Mind reading 
Definition
You believe you know what others are thinking, failing to consider other, more likely possibilities. Example: “He’s thinking that I don’t know the first thing about this project.” 
Term
Reflection
Definition

l involves active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it and the further consequences to which it leads" (Dewey, 1933, p. 9) 

Term
The seven steps to becoming a reflective person 
Definition

1.) asking why

2.) finding patterns

3.) reading voraciously

4.) taking time for contemplation

5.) examining your own behavior

6.) confronting excuses

7.) defining your professional mission 

Term
asking why 
Definition
The reflective person is inquisitive. 
Term
Finding patterns- 
Definition
Being reflective means investing time and energy into trying to synthesize experiences, integrate knowledge, and bring together discrepant variables. 
Term
Reading voraciously 
Definition
The reflective person, in order to make sense of things, must know about many different areas. 
Term
Taking time for contemplation
Definition
Solitude is a necessity for the reflective person. 
Term
Examining your own behavior 
Definition
 Being reflective means considering the impact of your own behavior on others and accepting responsibility for the consequences of your actions. 
Term
Confronting excuses- 
Definition
If things are not going the way you would like them to, rather than blaming others or making excuses, the reflective person prefers to take possession of the problem. 
Term
Defining your professional mission- 
Definition
Being reflective means infusing your personal curiosity and truth-seeking values into your professional identity. 
Term
What are the two goals?
Definition
To become reflective and generative 
Term
Reflective critical thinker-
Definition

-competent problem solver

-deep and complex thinker 

Term
generative attitudes- 
Definition

  Caring toward others

  Commitment to the common good

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