Term
| What is introspection & who studied it? |
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Definition
| Wundt! Looking within yourself (or oneself), reflecting and analyzing internal experiences and perceptions. |
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Term
| What is the difference between semantic and episodic memory? |
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Definition
| Semantic Memory- has to do with the MEANING of basic info, common knowledge about things and their meaning. Episodic Memory – like an episode from your own life or an EVENT from your own life. |
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Term
| Explain the computer analogy/information processing model |
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Definition
| When comparing the human memory to a computer; The Hard Drive is similar to the LTM and the RAM is similar to the working or STM |
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Term
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Definition
| Small simple shapes, square, circle, cylinder, cone… that make up what we see/visually. A house can be a square with a triangle ontop) |
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Term
| Name the three hypotheses related to speech reading and recording |
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Definition
Direct Access, Indirect Access and Dual-Route!
Direct Access Hypothesis-this is when you recognize words “Directly”, Indirect Access-Hypothesis is when we first must translate out the sound before giving meaning to the word and Dual-Route Hypothesis- this is a combination of the Direct and the InDirect together; using the Direct for familiar words and the indirect for unfamiliar words |
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Term
| What is the Tip of The Tongue phenomenon and who came up with it? |
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Definition
| William James. This is when you are unable to recall a specific word but feel as if it is at “The Tip of your tongue” |
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Term
| What is the difference between reflexive attention and habituation |
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Definition
| Reflexive attention is somewhat of a reaction or when a person is reactive and orients attention toward a new or salient stimuli… whereas Habituation is when your attention is slowly withdrawn from an overly represented or frequently occurring stimuli |
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Term
| Describe Pylyshyn’s Propositional theory and Kosslyn’s visual scanning experiment |
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Definition
| Pylyshyn’s propositional theory: He believed that images are descriptions of scenes rather than standing images…Kosslyn agreed and added that seeing it in the mind is just like seeing it in real life. Kosslyn’s Visual Scanning Experiment: had people look at maps, close eyes and in their mind, travel from one destination to the next which resulted in people taking longer to travel in their mind from points on the map which were further apart |
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Term
| Compare random search, hill climbing, and means–ends heuristics |
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Definition
| Random: Trial and error until you get it right. Hill Climbing: you only see one step at a time. Means-End: You know where you start from and where you need to end up, therefore every step can be planned |
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Term
| Describe the James-Lange theory and compare it to the Cannon-Bard Theory |
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Definition
| The James-Lang Theory suggests that people feel the physiology FIRST then interpret it which results in an emotion. The Cannon-Bard Theory suggests both the physiology and the interpretation happen at the SAME time which then result in emotion |
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Term
| Describe Schacter’s adrenalin study. |
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Definition
| Schacter Adrenaline Study: they gave people adrenaline pills then they were split into 3 grps which were all informed differently; One group was told they would get a headache and feel itchy, another group was told they will have increased physiology such as Heart Rate…and the third group was told nothing. Then TWO environments: Nice confederates and rude confederates. RESULTS: suggested both Physiology and cognition BOTH predict emotion. |
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Term
| Is language species-specific? Explain |
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Definition
| Yes! Alex the parrot was able to learn language. Also chimps can learn language as well..Rats, Chimps, birds, dolphins can all learn language |
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Term
| What is structuralism and who studied it? |
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Definition
| Titchener! He studied the structures of the conscious mind; S.I.F = Sensations, Images and Feelings! He studied under/after Wundt |
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Term
| Describe Ainsworth’s Stranger situation paradigm. Name all attachment styles. |
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Definition
| Mary Ainsworth studied how kids react when left with strangers and categoraized them as follows: Secure-Attachment, Anxious-Resistant Ambivalent, Anxious-Avoidant and Disorganized |
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Term
| Explain the Atkinson-Schiffrin model |
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Definition
| Suggests the flow of Memorys: From Sensory input MUST PASS THROUGH Short term first before entering long term memory |
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Term
| Who was the first empiricist? what two things is he famous for? |
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Definition
| Aristotle! Tabula Rasa and scientific method: Observe Phenomenon, Hypothesis about how something works, Prediction of experiment results, EXPERIMENTATION, Evaluation, Replication |
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Term
| What is the cocktail party phenomenon and who studied it? |
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Definition
| Cherry! This refers to the ability to listen selectively to one message/conversation at a time while tuning out others at the same time |
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Term
| Compare and contrast between proactive and retroactive interference |
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Definition
| Distractions…Retroactive: when the OLD information cant be recalled due to new information which has been learned. Proactive Interference: when NEW information cant be learned due to old info learned |
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Term
| Magic number 7. Who and what? |
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Definition
| George Miller! STM can only hold 7 (+/-2) items |
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Term
| Explain Abramson’s Attribution Theory (internal, stable, global) |
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Definition
| This theory highlights maladaptive interpretation of experiences by individuals: INTERNAL-I take full responsibility for this, I make this mistake. STABLE- These bad events will continue forever. GLOBAL- This will affect every area of my life |
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Term
| Explain the Atkinson-Schiffrin model (the relationship between STM and LTM) |
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Definition
a. Uses sensory registers and rehearsal/coding
b. Information from outside world enters the sensory system
c. Sensory memories encode the info
d. If attention is present, transfer memory to STM (aka “Mental Workbench”) and can produces outputs/responses
e. STM LTM (aka “Filing Cabinet”) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Suggests the flow of Memorys: From Sensory input MUST PASS THROUGH Short term first before entering long term memory |
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Term
|
Definition
| Suffered/seizures: temporal lobe cotex surgery (Removed most of hippocampus) AFTER HM suffered 1) anterograde amnesia (He couldn’t form STM) 2)some retrograde amnesia (he wasn’t able to recall some information from before the surgery.) |
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Term
| speech reading in idiographic languages? Tzeng, Hung, Wang (1977) |
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Definition
| If auditory words were phonetically similar to the words read participants had more difficulty recalling what they read |
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Term
| Tzeng, Hung, Wang (1977)? |
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Definition
Speech reading and idiographic languages; i. Showed Chinese subjects 4 Chinese symbols, they presented with auditory words and asked to shadow them, then recall the words that were read
ii. If auditory words were phonetically similar to the words that were read, subjects had a hard time recalling what they ready, but if there were dissimilar, were able to recall more |
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Term
| Father of behaviorism? Describe his famous experiment |
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Definition
| Watson! conditioned fear into baby Albert. later Generalized the fear of rats into all white fuzzy creatures |
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Term
| Broca’s fluent aphasia and Wernicke’s nonfluent aphasia? |
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Definition
| Broca’s aphasia has to do with grammar and Wernickes has to do with understandings and meanings |
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Term
|
Definition
(frontal lobe)
i. Affects syntax (a.k.a grammar)
ii. Poor pronunciation
iii. Comprehension impaired if meaning depends on complex grammar |
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Term
| Wernicke’s (Studied Languages) |
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Definition
: (occipital/parietal lobe)
i. Affects semantics (a.k.a. meaning/understanding)
ii. Pronunciation unimpaired, but has anomia (forgetting words), sentences nonsensical
iii. Very impaired comprehension
c. 97% of aphasics have left hemispheric damage
d. Aphasia is less likely with right hemispheric damage |
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Term
| Father of COGNITIVE psychology!? |
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Definition
| Ebbinghaus! Studied memory and forgetting of nonsense syllables as a function of time. U-shaped curve of item-by-item recall/Shows recency and primacy effects, but middle information isn’t remembered well |
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Term
| Free Recall vs Aerial Recall (Ebbinghaus father of Cognition) |
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Definition
Free Recall: recall items in any order
Serial Recall: Recalling items in the order they were presented |
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Term
|
Definition
| Negative views of Self, World and Future maintain depression. Black and white thinking |
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Term
| Existential theory; Who and what? |
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Definition
| Sartre… believes we decide to feel the emotions we do, he thinks we decide to feel depressed because we might be “getting something out of it” |
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Term
| Sartre. who is he and what is his theory? |
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Definition
| emotional theory/emotions are conscious acts/critical of the james-lange theory |
|
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Term
|
Definition
6 basic emotions and Micro Expressions
Anger, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Happiness, Surprise. Micro expressions are involuntary) |
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Term
| Generation and Spacing Effects? |
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Definition
| Generation Effect - when you generate the information yourself just as when you reteach someone, a friend, your mom, etc. about the theory you learned in class. Spacing Effect – information is learned, committed to memory, then TIME PASSES before revisiting the information again |
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Term
| Implicit and Explicit Memory |
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Definition
| ? Implicit memory – Unconscious processes which may be difficult to explain to someone ex: how to ride a bike or run. Explicit More on a conscious level… Memory is easier to explain and can be explained step by step such as explaining to my mom how to check her email or a child how to get dressed |
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Term
| visual capture and illusory conjunction (eye witness errors) |
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Definition
| . Visual Capture: When you attention only captures one salient event and misses others. Illusory Conjuction: when you attribute different objects/clothing/colors to different objects or people |
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Term
|
Definition
| Schematic, Propositional, Analogical, Associative Representation Systems. ..describes the processing of stimuli through the appraisal of the stimuli in different levels… the Schematic level, the analogue level, propositional level which then produces emotions and output systems such as responses |
|
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Term
| difference between iconic and echoic memory and how do they relate to modality effect? |
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Definition
| Iconic is VISUAL and Echoic is AUDITORY… Echoic memories are stored longer than Iconic. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the fact that people tend to learn better when using multiple modes of learning (e.g. visual + audio) |
|
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Term
| What is change blindness and who studied it? |
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Definition
| William James! Failure to notice changes in our environment |
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Term
| Early Bottleneck theory (Broadbent’s experiment) |
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Definition
| The bottleneck occurs early on in the processing/One ear is being attended to first, and then the other (the Y shape) |
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Term
| Attenuation Model of the Bottleneck (Treisman) |
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Definition
| Processing info partially by meaning and ATTENUATE unimportant info... |
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Term
| Late Bottleneck Theories (Deutsch & Deutsch (1963) and Norman (1976) |
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Definition
i. The bottleneck occurs after we process its meaning
During pattern recognition stages instead of at the sensory store (as Broadbent suggested)
If information is pertinent we attend to it once we have processed its meaning |
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Term
| What is the difference between elimination by aspects and satisficing |
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Definition
| Elimination- Identifying the ones you DON’T want (Cars above Budget) Satisficing- identifying all items which you would consider (I want a Toyota, all these are toyotas) |
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Term
|
Definition
Contains: Visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, phonological loop, and central executive.
i. Different from the Atkinson-Shiffrin model for three reasons:
1. Fx of STM in B-H Model not primarily as a station for infor to reside en route to LTM
2. Essential relationship btwn a ctrl sys (Central Executive) that governs the deposition & rmvl of info from ST storage & the storage buffers themselves.
3. B-H Model has memory buffers (phonological loop for verbal info and visuospatial scratchpad for visuospatial information)
b. Stimuli are stored in the different components
c. Then sent to Central Executive Processing Component for processing
d. Then to LTM |
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Term
| Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory and the experiment |
|
Definition
Two distinct systems for memory/imagination.
The theory suggests there are TWO systems for memory: Verbal and Nonverbal. STUDY: people were asked to remember pairs of words with high and low imagery potential. The H-H and H-L pairs were remembered much better than the L-H and L-L. Clown vs Hope |
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Term
| retrograde vs anterograde amnesia |
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Definition
| Retrograde – this is when you cannot recall information from BEFORE damage to brain. Anterograde – this is when you cannot store new information |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hypothetical Ideal Forms! all chairs want to be like the idea chair. Dualism: body and soul are distinct |
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Term
|
Definition
| "I think therefore I am" heavily influenced by Plato (logic is what separates animal from man) |
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Term
|
Definition
| WUNDT 1st psychology lab/Separated psychology from philosophy and physiology by studying introspection |
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Term
| What is Structuralism? who studied it? |
|
Definition
| Titchener . Structures of the conscious mind |
|
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Term
| Titchner (Wundts student) |
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Definition
| Structuralism/Structures of the mind included sensations, feelings, and mental images |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| how does the mind function and adapt |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Functionalism - how does the mind function and adapt |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Sensation= Raw information received by a sensory organ
Perception= How the raw information is interpreted |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of a stimulus beyond its physical duration; for example, the twirling of a baton or lightening |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device that displays an image for a specific amount of time. To help train military personnel to increase recognition speed |
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Term
|
Definition
| Top Down...All at once. Bottom up, one unit of information is revealed at a time. |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual stimuli in the form of mental pictures |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| describes the relationship between perceptual processing and the encoding, storage and retrieval of the resulting neural representations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Auditory memory... Sound.(stored longer than iconic memory) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recency vs Primacy vs Suffix Effects |
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Definition
Recency - remembering the most recent info best.
Primacy - remembering the first presented info best.
Suffix effect - a distraction stimulus that is added at the end. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the inability to recognize faces |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Imposter Syndrome; can recognize the face but feel they are an imposter |
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Term
| Most known for Mental Imagery?? |
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Definition
| Kosslyn; Semantic, episodic, or spatial images seen in the “mind’s eye” Being able to close your eyes and imagine something is there |
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Term
| Radical Imagery; who and what? |
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Definition
| Standing and Shepard! Images provide the foundation for all representations and memory. |
|
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Term
| Propositional Theory: Kosslyn & Pyluyshyn |
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Definition
| Argued; Images are descriptions of scenes rather than still photographs (Visual Scanning. Ex:mentally scanning the map in the mind just as in real life) |
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Term
| Kossylns Visual Scanning Experiment |
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Definition
| Showed people maps, counted the time it took them to recall moving from one distance to the next. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One sensory pathway is connected to involuntary experiences in a second sensory pathway |
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Term
| Hyman & Pentland (and Wade)’s college student reality distortion experiment |
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Definition
| Memories can be influenced; Photoshoped pictures. Imagined and actual events can be difficult to tell apart. |
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Term
| reasons for hallucinations |
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Definition
a. Temporal lobe seizures (spiritual events, aura, talking to God)
b. Anesthesia
c. Head Trauma
d. Biological or psychological disorder
e. Substances |
|
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Term
| Nervous system and systems involved in emotion processing |
|
Definition
a. Central Nervous System
i. Brain
ii. Spinal Cord
b. Peripheral Nervous System
i. Autonomic
1. Sympathetic (Fight or Flight)
2. Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest)
Somatic |
|
|
Term
| Bowlby’s stages of separation of anxiety |
|
Definition
a. Protest/Anxiety
b. Despair/Grief
c. Detachment |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Emotions are perceptions of physiological changes induced by ANS (Doesn’t take into account the cognitive appraisal of the situation) |
|
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Term
| Cannon-Bard Theory (both are in the cannon) |
|
Definition
(similar to James-Lange Theory)
Stimulus --> Physiological Response + Interpret Physiology (occurs together!!!)--> Emotion & Action |
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Term
| Schacter-Singer Adrenaline Study (and 2-factor theory) |
|
Definition
Results suggest that both physiological and cognitive components predict emotion! Two Factors (environment and thought process) contribute to Emotion!
-Two Environments (nice and rude Confederates)3 Grps; Told to expect sx, told headache and itchy, told nothing. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
a. Visual
b. Acoustic
c. Tactile (Haptic)
d. Semantic |
|
|
Term
| Visuosketchpad (Baddeley-Hitch Model) |
|
Definition
| Stored spatial and visual information, as well as image of auditory input |
|
|
Term
| Phonological Loop (Baddeley-Hitch Model) |
|
Definition
a. Sound bits we can store for a short time
Can store more short words than long ones |
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Term
| Episodic (Baddeley-Hitch Model) |
|
Definition
a. Temporary working place for phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and LTM
b. Allows for problem solving, manipulation of information, and planning for future activities |
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Term
| Central Executive (Baddeley-Hitch Model) |
|
Definition
a. Integrates information from visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer
b. Allows for multitasking
c. Plays a role in attention and planning (e.g. chess) |
|
|
Term
| Brown-Peterson task on brevity and decay |
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Definition
| Tested the STM duration. Memory decays by 50% by 6 seconds and after 15-18 seconds most of it is gone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decay= natural loss of info (~15 secs) |
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Term
| Retroactive vs Interference |
|
Definition
a. Proactive: previously learned info interferes with learning new information
b. Retroactive: new information interferes with recalling old information |
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Term
| Sternberg task (parallel scanning, serial exhaustive, serial self-terminating) |
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Definition
| Demonstrated the high level of accessibility of information stored in STM |
|
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Term
| Parallel Scanning (Sternberg task, Memory) |
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Definition
| probe item is compared to the test set simultaneously |
|
|
Term
| Serial Exhaustive (Sternberg task, Memory) |
|
Definition
| comparing the probe item to each letter one by one |
|
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Term
| Serial self terminating (Sternberg Task, Memory) |
|
Definition
| Response time is affected by the probe position |
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Term
|
Definition
| Studies suggest that dopamine is especially important for working memory AND Drugs that increase levels of dopamine in the brain or facilitate the action of dopamine can enhance working memory |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Vitamin B1 deficiency (typically due to alcohol or benzodiazepine abuse)
-similar to amnesia; i. Can use STM and have some recollection from LTM but UNABLE TO FORM NEW LTM |
|
|
Term
| Implicit vs. Explicit Memory |
|
Definition
a. Implicit: (non-declarative) difficult to explain to others (such as how to ride a bike) or unconscious processes/Priming effects (e.g. presentation of word “love” under 300ms)/Conditioned responding/reflexes
b. Explicit: (declarative) can be verbally explained to others (e.g. how to access mail) |
|
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Term
| Episodic vs Semantic memory (both Declarative) |
|
Definition
episodic memory; the memory of events in our own personal past
semantic memory, our general knowledge about things in the world and their meaning |
|
|
Term
| Acronyms vs Acrostics (memory) |
|
Definition
81. Acronyms
Acronym; A word that contains the first letter of the words to be remembered
-Acrostics; Create a sentence (e.g. Please excuse my dear aunt Sally) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Associate specific items in your environment with what you need to remember |
|
|
Term
| Peg Word (a type of Method of Loci) Memory |
|
Definition
| Write a rhyming poem and associate the words in the poem with the target words |
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Term
|
Definition
| William James; Retrieval failure usually of a word |
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|
Term
| Orienting Response (reflexive attention! Look!) |
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Definition
| Orienting toward a new/salient stimulus/ It is reactive; the person doesn’t control it |
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|
Term
| Who studied Change Blindenss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A restriction on the amount of information that can be processed at once
-Because of this, certain critical mental operations have to be carried out sequentially |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Rule of thumb problem solving method |
|
|
Term
| Difference between random search, hill climbing, and means-end heuristic |
|
Definition
a. Random search: trial and error
b. Hill Climbing: one move ahead
c. Means end: broken into sub-problems, how do I get to the end |
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|
Term
| Automatic and Controlled Tasks? WHO? |
|
Definition
Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977
-Automatic Tasks: do not require conscious attention; reflexive; have infinite capacity; do not require working memory
-Controlled Tasks: use short term memory and require conscious attention |
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Term
|
Definition
| deficit of attention in which one entire half of a visual scene is simply ignored/ usually from stroke; interrupted the flow of blood to the right parietal lobe |
|
|
Term
| Response Set (problem solving rigidity) |
|
Definition
| only use the same solution that previously worked even if a better alternative is available |
|
|
Term
| Perception Set (problem solving rigidity) |
|
Definition
| only able to understand the problem in one way |
|
|
Term
| Functional Fixedness (problem solving rigidity) |
|
Definition
| only able to see items in terms of their conventional uses |
|
|
Term
| Elimination of aspects (problem solving) |
|
Definition
| getting rid of solutions/options which contain undesirable aspects |
|
|
Term
| Satisfaction/Conjunctive model (problem solving) |
|
Definition
| preselecting solutions which meet the minimum criteria (the good enough solution) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knowledge of specific known instances to draw an INFERENCE about unknown instances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using knowledge to deduce the answer, one that has to be true, often uses syllogisms |
|
|
Term
| Morphemes and Phonemes (language) |
|
Definition
Morphemes-part of words; prefix, stems, suffix
Phonemes-part of sounds; "ba" |
|
|
Term
| The three different kinds of articulation (articulatory features) |
|
Definition
a. Bilabial: (front) eg BA/PA
b. Aveolar: (middle) eg TA/DA
c. Velar: (back) GA/KA |
|
|
Term
| Bilabial, Aveolar, Velar articulatory locations. |
|
Definition
a. Bilabial: (front) eg BA/PA
b. Aveolar: (middle) eg TA/DA
c. Velar: (back) GA/KA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filling in the blanks of missing words. (Bleeping Count) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chomsky; Incorporates phrase-structure, adds rules for sentence modification
---Two levels:
-Surface structure (underlying meaning/metaphors)
-Deep structure (linking grammar and meaning) |
|
|
Term
| Phase-Structured/Constituent Grammar |
|
Definition
| Set of rules for partitioning sentences into grammatical units |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
native speakers knowing when grammatically errors or misspellings (even if they don’t understand why)
- use synonyms/idioms to explain |
|
|
Term
| Semantic Activation (language) |
|
Definition
| When reading a prime word, more likely to read related words faster than unrelated words |
|
|
Term
| Hemispheric Lateralization Speech? Senses? |
|
Definition
more speech in left hemisphere
(movements and most senses are contralateral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frontal lobe; grammar, poor pronunciation, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occipital/parietal lobe; semantics or meanings of words, Pronunciation unimpaired, but has anomia (forgetting words), sentences nonsensical (very impaired comprehension) |
|
|
Term
| 97% of aphasics have ____ hemispheric damage |
|
Definition
| LEFT!! Speech is in the left. Aphasia is less likely with right hemispheric damage |
|
|
Term
| what is Oralist Tradition? (Language) |
|
Definition
| Lip Reading. Not a full language, requires some "mind reading" to get full message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Translation of the written word into spoken language/Sounding out what we are reading |
|
|
Term
| True or False... Slent reading is faster than reading outloud? |
|
Definition
| TRUE! Although we still speech record in our minds, its still faster |
|
|
Term
| What are the three speech recording hypotheses? |
|
Definition
a. Direct-Access Hypothesis: recognize words directly while reading
b. Indirect-Access Hypothesis (a.k.a. Phonologically mediated hypothesis): first must translate sound out before understanding the meaning of what we’re reading
c. Dual-Route Hypothesis: use both of the above routes, more likely to use the 1st route for familiar words and 2nd for less familiar words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lack phonemic awareness, can’t sound out words/difficulty rhyming, trouble reading aloud |
|
|
Term
| Critical Learning Periods for Language Acquisition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Language Lateralization; LEFT? |
|
Definition
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Function words and inflections
Tone systems
Much lexical (Vocabulary knowledge) |
|
|
Term
| Language Lateralization; RIGHT? |
|
Definition
Nonverbal (e.g. babies’ cries)
Visuospatial information
Intonation
Nonliteral meaning and ambiguity
Some lexical knowledge |
|
|
Term
| What is Syntax? (language) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 steps of the Scientific Method |
|
Definition
Observation
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experimentation! |
|
|
Term
| What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model? |
|
Definition
| Memory can be understood as a sequence of discrete steps in which information is transferred from one storage to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where information is first recoreded |
|
|
Term
| In which nervous system is Emotion seen physiologically? |
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Definition
| peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| Name the two components of the Peripheral Nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two components of the Autonomic Nervous system and what is each is responsible for. |
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Definition
Parasympathetic-Recovery (relaxation)
Sympathetic-Mobilization (increased heart rate, blood to legs, etc) |
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Term
| What are Watsons belief of the 3 fundamental types of emotion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe process of stimuli in Cannon-Bard Theory. |
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Definition
Stimulus through sensory system --> Thalamus in brain -->
THEN SPLITS 2 ways simultaneously:
1) Cortex for conscious, subjective experience of the EMOTION
2) Hypothalamus which triggers physiology
BOTH result in the full experience of emotion. |
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Term
| Schacters Two Factor Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
| Suggests: Stimuli --> physiological response --> Brain knows Stimulus is responsible for arousal (if not goes back to environment for more clues) --> Emotion |
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Term
| Name Bowlby's 3 stages of Separation |
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Definition
1) Protest (Anxiety)
2) Despair (grief and mourning)
3) Detachment/Denial (defense mechanism) |
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Term
Lateralization of Emotion.
Describe Valence Hypothesis |
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Definition
Emotions found in both sides of brain:
Right- Negative Emotions
Left- Positive Emotions |
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Term
Lateralization of Emotion.
Describe Right Hemisphere Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Right hemisphere of brain is dominant over the left hemisphere for all forms of emotional expression and perception. |
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Term
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Definition
Positive Emotions
Intellect
Language |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hassles and Uplifts scale |
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Definition
| Ranges of irritants or difficulties and satisfaction(s) or sources of peace. (This scale is a BETTER predictor of health than the Homles-Rahe scale) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to recognize words with meaning faster than nonsense words. Also If first and last letter of the word are correct, can read words with jumbled letters |
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Term
Attention.
Explicit vs. Implicit Processing |
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Definition
Explicit-conscious processing
Implicit-unconscious processing |
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Term
Attention.
Spotlight attention and Visual Search |
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Definition
| No shift in eyes or head, but a mental shift in attention |
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Term
| Titchner's Law of Prior Entry |
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Definition
| Stimuli that are attended to will be enter our conscious more rapidly than unattended stimuli. |
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Term
Attention
Visual capture/Inattention Blindness |
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Definition
| when attention is paid to a more salient stimulus, will miss other things going on (e.g. moon walking bear during basketball game) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to notice changes in the environment (guy behind counter is swapped out when woman looks in her purse) |
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Term
Attention.
Attentional blink |
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Definition
| when incoming information is presented too rapidly and not registered; it overwhelms the system. |
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Term
| The Posterior Attention Network is responsible for the attention required for... |
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Definition
| ...visual search. (unilateral neglect aka Hemineglect patients are unable to see objects in half their visual field. |
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Term
| The Anterior Attention Network is active when people take the Stroop Test |
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Definition
| Stroop test uses Anterior Attention network; word meanings interfere with color identification. |
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Term
Memory.
Serial Position Curve |
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Definition
| U shaped graph for recall tests; indicates recency and primacy effects |
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Term
| Is Language Specie-Specific? |
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Definition
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Term
Language.
What is the Wada test? |
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Definition
| Injecting anesthetic into one side of the brain, usually to discover which side of brain is dominant in epilepsy patients. Its disturbing to patients and is NOT used in research. (patients become mute or do not make sense) |
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Term
Language.
What is the Krashen-Lenneberg Debate? |
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Definition
| Debate over the age of language acquisition. Krashen believes its 5, Lenneberg believes its puberty. |
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Term
| Loftus' Misinformation effect |
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Definition
| Shows how fragile memories can be altered without our awareness through misleading questions. |
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Term
| What is Speech Recording? |
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Definition
| The transformation of printed words into any type of speech-based code. (articulately, acoustic, auditory imaginary, or more abstract) |
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Term
T/F
Spacial ability is the largest Cognitive Sex Difference? |
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Definition
| True! Men tend to respond faster when given spacial tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| when sensory input is fused across modalities (smell might have a sound or color associated with it) |
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