Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Energy Currency
Phosphory donor
Pyrophosphoryl donor
AMP donor
Nucleotide in RNA synthesis
Allosteric effector |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Phosphoryl donor
Phosphoryl acceptor
Allosteric effector |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Phosphoryl acceptor
Allosteric effector |
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Term
| CoA/ CoASH/ Coenzyme A Reactive Part |
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Definition
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Term
| CoA/ CoASH/ Coenzyme A details |
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Definition
Thioester energy currency
Acyl carrier via thioester formation
Synthesized from pantothenic acid, essential vitamin B5 |
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Term
| Flavin Mononucleotide Reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
| Redox structures of FMN-FAD/ FMNH-FADH/ FMNH2-FADH2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Redox cofactor: accepts/ gives 2 electrons and 2 protons; accepts/ gives 1 electron and 1 proton
Tightly bound in enzyme active site
Varies in redox potential based on protein surroundings
Synthesized from Riboflavin, essential Vitamin B |
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Term
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Definition
Redox cofactor: Accepts/gives 1-2 electrons--- 1-2 protons
Tightly bound in enzyme active site
Varies bound in enzyme active site
Varies in redox potential based on protein surroundings
Synthesized from riboflavin, essential Vitamin B2 |
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Term
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP) reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Redox cofactor: accepts/ gives 2 electrons and 1 proton
Water soluble and freely diffusing
Use mainly in catabolic pathways
[NAD+]> [NADH] in cells
Synthesized from niacin or niacinamide, essential vitamin B3 |
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Term
| Redox forms of NAD/NADP <--> NADH/NADPH |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Redox cofactor: accepts/ gives 2 electrons and 1 proton
Water soluble and freely diffusing
Used mainly in anabolic pathways
[NADP+]<[NADPH] in cells
Synthesized from niacin or niacinamide-- nicotinamide |
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Term
| CoQ/ Coenzyme Q/ Ubiquinone reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Redox cofactor: accepts/ gives 1 electron and 1 proton
Hydrophobic; freely diffusing in the membrane
Length of isoprene tail varies by species |
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Term
| Redox reactions with Coenzyme Q |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Helps catalyze carboxylation
Covalently linked to enzyme at lysine side chain
essential vitamin B7 |
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Term
| Lipoic acid reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
| dihydrolipoic acid reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Redox cofactor; accepts 2 electrons at disulfide, yielding sulfhydryls
Covalently linked (via amide linkage) to enzyme at lysine side chain; becomes lipoamide
Catalyzes acyl transfer via thioester formation |
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Term
| TPP- Thiamine pyrophosphate reactive part |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Catalyzes alpha-keto decarboxylation
Ylid proton is acidic, with pKa ~ 18
Bound tightly in enzyme active site
Synthesized from thiamine, essential vitamin B1 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
O2- binding cofactor
Redox cofactor; accepts/ gives 1 electron (Fe3+ + e- <--> Fe2+)
Bound tightly in protein, either non-covalently via hydrophobic interactions, or covalently
Varies in redox potential based on R-groups and protein surroundings |
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