Term
|
Definition
| The process of making clots when they are needed and removing clots when they are not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made by platelets attracted by the exposure of the underneath epithelial
Not stable |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Hemostatic Plug |
|
Definition
Coagulation factors come in and form fibrin which forms a scab
A lot more sturdy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clots where there are not supposed to be any |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central cavity of a vessel that is lined with endothelial cells and the glycocalyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thin coating of protein and carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arterioles, Venules, and Capillaries
Responsible for carrying platelets and coagulation factors to different areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constrict to limit blood flow in case of injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inner layer
Lined with endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The middle layer
Provides support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The outer layer
Provides support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The state of the endothelial cells when they have a negative charge that repels platelets |
|
|
Term
| Heparin Surfactant, Thrombomodulin, Tissue Thromboplastin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Initiated upon injury of a vessel
The platelets are activated by exposed collagen and they produce and process Von-Willebrand's Factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carrier of Factor 8 (FVIII)
Aids in platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Granular Promegakaryocyte
Mature Megakaryocyte
Platelets
Influenced by Thrombopoietin (TPO) |
|
|
Term
| The 4 Zones of a Platelet |
|
Definition
Peripheral Zone
Structural Zone
Organelle Zone
Membrane Zone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made up of glycocalyx, a phospholipid bilayer, and integral proteins
Responsible for the platelet's negative charge
Contains receptors for substances that cause platelet activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains granules, mitochrondria, and glycogen-storing sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has an open canalicular system that connects the outer surface to the inner surface
Has a dense tubular system that synthesizes prostaglandin and thromboxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The vessel wall is damaged
Platelets attract to the exposed collagen fibers
Platelets adhere to the surface with the help of von-willebrand factor, and prostaglandin 1b (Factor 9)
The platelets aggregate together using fibrinogen and secrete their granular content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The formation of fibrin
Involves the stimulation of Zymogens
Growth factors stimulate muscle cells and fibroblasts to replace the cells that were damaged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aid in secondary hemostasis
3 Groups: Prothrombin Group, Fibrinogen Group, Contact Group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Includes:
-Prothrombin (Factor 2)
-Factor 7
-Factor 9
-Factor 10
Produced in the liver
Dependent on Vitamin K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found in leafy-green vegetables, liver, and fish
Structurally resembles prothrombin
Blocked by Warfarin (Coumadin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka Coumadin
Lowers the factors in the prothombin group
Blocks vitamin K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Includes:
-Fibrinogen
-Factor 8
-Factor 5
-Factor 13
Activated by thrombin during coagulation
FV and FVIII are cofactors that aid in activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Includes:
-Factor 11
-Factor 12
-Prekallikrin (PK)
-High Molecular Weight Kininogen (HMWK or HK) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 Pathways: Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consists of enzymes and proteins in the plasma
Tested for with the PTT Test
Starts with FVII
-Activated by HMWK to become FVIIa
-FVIIa activates FXI which activated FIX
Includes FXII, PK, HMWK, FXI, FIX, FVIII, and Von-Willebrand Factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzymes, co-factors, activators, and tissue factors found in the plasma
Tested for with the Prothrombin Test (PT Test)
Caused by Tissue Factor acting on FVII which activates on FIX
Includes Tissue Factor and FVII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The other two pathways come together to form fibrin
FIX activates FX
-FX activates prothrombin
-Prothombin becomes thrombin
-Thrombin activates fibrinogen
-Fibrinogen becomes fibrin
Includes: FX, FV, Prothrombin, Fibrinogen, FXIII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process of removing a clot
Involves different factors that are used to break down a fibrin clot
Main component is the activation of Plasminogen and Plasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Act as activators or inhibitors
Control the fibinolytic system to prevent systematic fibrinolysis that results in bleeding
Keeps fibrinolysis from going too far |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bleeding Time
Platelet Aggregation
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Activated Partial Thrombin Time (aPTT)
Thrombin Time
Figures out what factors are not functioning correctly before surgery to prevent death from bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not used too much anymore
Make a couple slits on the arm, put pressure on the slits to see how long it takes before no blood comes out
Tests for platelet function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Replacing Bleeding Time
More consistent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Makes sure people have the right amount of warfarin |
|
|
Term
| Activated Partial Thrombin Time (aPTT) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The color of the tube cap that is used for coagulation lab tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quantitative or Qualitative |
|
|
Term
| Quantitative Platelet Disorders |
|
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decrease in the platelet count
Bleeding problems occur when the platelet count is less than 50
Can be caused by either increased destruction, decreased production (aplastic anemia), chemotherapy, radiation, splenic sequestration, dilutional problems (massive hemorrhage), or multiple mechanisms |
|
|
Term
| Immune Causes of Increased Platelet Destruction |
|
Definition
Antibodies destroying platelets
ITP
Drugs
Alloimmune Problems |
|
|
Term
| Non-Immune Causes of Increased Platelet Destruction |
|
Definition
DIC
TTP
Hemolytic Uremia
Mechanism Destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alcoholism
Lipoproliferative Disease
Cardiopulmonary Bypass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased platelets
Example is Essential Thrombocytopenia
Can be caused by 1 of 3 things: Primary Disorders, Seconday Disorders, or Transient Thrombocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Primary Disorders That Cause Thrombocytosis |
|
Definition
Disorders that cause increased platelet production and maturation
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
Polycythemia Vera (PV)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Disorders that Cause Thrombocytosis |
|
Definition
| Reactive causes such as surgery, hemorrhage, and post-splenectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by exercise, child birth, and epinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disorders of Platelet Adhesion
Disorders of Platelet Aggregation
Hematological Disorders
Can be caused by drugs or cardiopulmonary bypass surgery |
|
|
Term
| Disorders of Platelet Adhesion |
|
Definition
Bernard-Soulier
Von-Willebrand Disease |
|
|
Term
| Disorders of Platelet Aggregation |
|
Definition
| Blasmin's Thrombocythemia |
|
|
Term
| Hematological Platelet Disorders |
|
Definition
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Acute Leukemias |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that can cause qualitative platelet disorders |
|
Definition
Aspirin
Alcohol
Certain antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery |
|
Definition
| Causes abnormal surfaces that cause platelet dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis |
|
Definition
Von-Willebrand Disease
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Fibrinogen Deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deficiency in FVIII
Common in Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka Christmas Factor
Deficiency in FIX |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deficiency in Factor 1 (FI) |
|
|
Term
| Acquired Disorder of Secondary Hemostasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
|
Definition
Normal hemostasis is altered
Allows uncontrolled formation and lysis of fibrin
Can be caused by liver disease, primary fibrinogenolysis, or vitamin K deficiency |
|
|
