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Coagulation
Enzymes and Descriptions
38
Biology
Graduate
02/01/2010

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Term
Gp 1b
Definition
Receptor on platelet membrane that binds to Von Willebrand factor on endothelium
Term
Von Willebrand factor
Definition
Protein synthesized by megakaryocytes and endothelial cells that polymerize on the subendothelium
Term
Phospholipase A2
Definition
Cleaves platelet membrane phospholipid to give arachidonic acid
Term
Arachidonic acid
Definition
Cleaved from platelet membrane phospholipid and is formed into cyclic endoperoxide and prostacyclin by cyclic oxygenase
Term
Prostacyclin
Definition
Formed from arachidonic acid by cyclic oxygenase and upregulates cAMP to decrease calcium levels and inhibit platelet adhesion
Term
Cyclic endoperoxide
Definition
Formed from arachadonic acid by cyclic oxygenase and is converted to thromboxane A2 by thromboxane synthetase
Term
Thromboxane A2
Definition
Activates phospholipase C
Term
Phospholipase C
Definition
Cleaves phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate to diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate
Term
Diacylglycerol
Definition
Activate protein kinase C
Term
Protein kinase C
Definition
Activates IIb/IIIa and increases phospholipase A2 synthesis
Term
Inositol triphosphate
Definition
Comes from phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate and increases intracellular calcium
Term
GP IIb/IIIa
Definition
Receptor on the platelet membrane that is activated by protein kinase C; binds to fibrinogen
Term
Factor X
Definition
Activated by VIIa/TF (intrinsic) or IXa/VIIIa (extrinsic), inhibited by antithrombin, converts prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin (factor IIa) with cofactor Va
Term
Extrinsic system
Definition
Factor X is activated by VIIa and TFPa
Term
Intrinsic system
Definition
Initiated by XII, factor X is converted to factor Xa by factor IXa and VIIIa
Term
Prothrombin time (PT)
Definition
Measures the amount of time taken for coagulation pathway to complete; measures extrinsic pathway and is insensitive to factor VIII
Term
Partial thromboblastin time (PTT)
Definition
Measures coagulation efficiency of the intrinsic pathway; sensitive to factor VIII
Term
Prothrombin
Definition
Converted by factor Xa and Va to thrombin
Term
Which coagulation test do you use to monitor warfarin effects on coagulation?
Definition
PT
Term
Which coagulation test do you use to monitor heparin affects on coagulation?
Definition
PTT
Term
Thrombin (factor IIa)
Definition
Cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin, activates factors V, VIII, XIII, actives protein C,
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
Converted to fibrin by thrombin, allows platelet aggregation when bound by gp IIb/IIIa
Term
Factor V
Definition
Acts as a cofactor with factor X to convert prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin (factor IIa); activated by thrombin and inactivated by plasmin and protein C
Term
Factor VII
Definition
Acts with tissue factor to activate either factor X or factor IX; inhibited by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
Term
Factor VIII
Definition
Activated by thrombin, inactivated by plasmin and protein C, cofactor with factor IX in factor X activation
Term
Factor IX
Definition
Works with cofactor VIII to convert factor X to Xa
Term
Factor XII
Definition
Initiates the intrinsic coagulation pathway
Term
Factor XIII
Definition
Activated by thrombin, stabilizes fibrin clot
Term
NO
Definition
Causes transient vasodilation and platelet inhibition; upregulates guanylate cyclase
Term
Antithrombin
Definition
Serine protease inhibitor that prevents coagulation by directly binding thrombin and/or factor Xa
Term
Heparin
Definition
Binds to antithrombin to increase its activity
Term
Protein C
Definition
Activated to APC by thrombin; binds to and degrades factors Va and VIIIa with cofactor protein S
Term
Protein S
Definition
Normally bound to compliment C4b in serum; acts as a cofactor in APC inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa
Term
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
Definition
Enzyme inhibitor that binds to VIIa and Xa to prevent VIIa interaction with TF--inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Term
Plasmin
Definition
Cleaved from plasminogen by tissue plasminogen activator when bound to fibrin; cleave fibrin into D dimers to break up clotsUro
Term
tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
Definition
Cleaves plasminogen to plasmin, inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
Term
Urokinase
Definition
Cleaves plasminogen into plasmin without the presence of fibrin
Term
Alpha-2-antiplasmin
Definition
Binds to plasmin in the serum (unbound to clot)
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