Term
| Acute Pyogenic Meningitis: Causative Organisms |
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Definition
Neonates - Escherichia coli, group B streptococci
Infants & children - Haemophilus influenzae
Adolescents & young adults - Neisseria meningitidis
Elderly - Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes |
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Term
| Acute Pyogenic Meningitis: Clinical Findings |
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Definition
Symptoms - headache, photophobia, irritability, clouding of consciousness, neck stiffness
CSF - cloudy/purulent, increased pressure, increased neutrophils, increased protein, decreased glucose |
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Term
| Acute Pyogenic Meningitis: Pathological Findings |
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Definition
Prominent meningeal vessels
Neutrophils in subarachnoid space
Phlebitis with hemorrhagic infarction
Chronic adhesive arachnoiditis |
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Term
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Definition
Predisposing conditions include bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, & chronic pulmonary sepsis
Streptococci & staphylococci are the primary causative organisms
Patients present with focal deficits & increased intracranial pressure
Lesions are discrete with central necrosis surrounded by a fibrous collagen capsule & edema
Treated with surgery & antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Occur in association with osteomyelitis and often arise from an adjacent focus of infection
Can cause spinal cord compression when occurring in the spinal epidural space |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms - headache, malaise, mental confusion, vomiting
CSF - mononuclear cells, increased protein, normal or moderately decreased glucose
Gelatinous or fibrinous, basally located exudate
Granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis & obliterative endarteritis
Tuberculoma - well-circumscribed intraparenchymal mass
Vertebral involvement - Pott disease
AIDS patients - TB & Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infections |
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Term
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Definition
Meningovascular neurosyphilis - chronic meningitis with obliterative endarteritis & a perivascular plasma cell infiltrate
Paretic neurosyphilis - invasion of the brain by treponemal organisms with brain atrophy & resultant severe dementia
Tabes dorsalis - damage to dorsal root sensory nerves with impaired sensation & absence of deep tendon reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
Neurologic findings include aseptic meningitis, facial nerve palsies, mild encephalopathy, & polyneuropathies |
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Term
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Definition
Viral or chemical
CSF - lymphocytic pleocytosis with moderate protein elevation & normal glucose
Most common cause - enteroviruses
Usually self-limited |
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Term
| Viral Meningoencephalitis |
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Definition
Parenchymal infection of the brain associated with meningeal inflammation
Histologic features include perivascular & parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrates, glial nodules, neuronophagia, & viral inclusion bodies |
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Term
| Viral Meningoencephalitis |
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Definition
Parenchymal infection of the brain associated with meningeal inflammation
Histologic features include perivascular & parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrates, glial nodules, neuronophagia, & viral inclusion bodies |
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Term
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Definition
HSV-1 - hemorrhagic encephalitis involving the temporal lobes & orbital gyri of the frontal lobes; most common cause of sporadic encephalitis
HSV-2 - severe generalized encephalitis in neonates & immunocompromised patients
Cowdry A nuclear inclusions |
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